叢枝菌根菌及南方根瘤線蟲於番茄根內相互作用之探討

Abstract

本論文主要比較接種叢枝菌根菌(arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Gigaspora albida and Glomus clarum)對南方根瘤線蟲(Meloidogyne incognita)在番茄根部病害發展之影響。植株生長方面，接種Gigasporaspora albida處理(GABD)的株高顯著高於對照組，接種Glomus clarum (LCLR)的處理則和對照組無差異。但接種菌根菌(GABD、LCLR)的植株乾物重並未顯著增加。菌根菌及線蟲的接種處理均未使根部的酚化物有明顯變化。接種菌根菌不影響母蟲的各項發育特徵。而不同菌種(GABD、LCLR)對幼蟲的體長、體寬有顯著不同的影響。菌根菌及根瘤線蟲兩者都增強sink strength，使根部澱粉增加而葉部澱粉可溶性糖減少。微生物接種改變澱粉和可溶性糖在根部及葉部的分配比例。菌根菌接種的處理番茄葉部的氮、磷濃度都顯著增加，單獨接種線蟲的植株根活性顯著低於其他處理。菌根菌之感染率受線蟲影響而顯著降低，線蟲的繁殖亦受到菌根菌影響而降低，兩者可能互相抑制彼此在根內的發展。本實驗結果顯示接種菌根菌可改變植株的生理狀態，如可溶性糖/澱粉比例，營養、吸收功能及根活性等，而增加番茄對根瘤線蟲侵入之抗性，也因此抑制線蟲侵入後之繁殖。

This green house study aimed to analyze the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) inoculation (Gigaspora albida and Glomus clarum) on the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) disease development within tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) root. Plant height of tomato was significantly higher in the treatment of GABD, however, the treatment of LCLR showed no significant difference to control. Total phenols in tomato roots and leaves showed no significant difference on any microbial treatments (AMF, nematode, or dual). Female development was not affect by AMF in terms of body characteristics, but the body length and width of juvenile were significantly influenced between GABD and LCLR. Both AMF and nematode seems enhanced sink strength, to increase root starch content, and decrease the content of starch and soluble sugar in leaves. And there microbial inoculation change the partition of sugar and starch between roots and leaves. The concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen in leaves were significantly higher in the treatment of AMF than control. The root activity in nematode treatment (Mi) was significantly lower than control and other treatments (GABD,GABD + Mi, LCLR, LCLR + Mi). Root colonization of AMF was reduced if both AMF and nematode were coinoculated in roots. Nematode reproduction seemed also suppressed by presence of AMF. This study indicated that AMF and nematodes seemed mutually influence the development of the other on tomato. The result of this study supported that AMF inoculation could increase the plant resistance to nematode infection, due to the change of plant physiology status, such as sugar/starch partition, nutrient, absorption and root activity, and due to the suppression of the nematode reproduction as well as their latter development within tomato roots.