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標題: | 私有公用道路形成之法制問題研究:從興南夜市道路糾紛案談起 Legal Research on the Formation of Privately Owned Roads with Public Access: a Case Study on the Road Disputes in Xing-Nan Night Market |
作者: | Wei-Jie Tseng 曾偉傑 |
指導教授: | 林明鏘(Ming-Chiang Lin) |
關鍵字: | 興南夜市,私有公用道路,都市計畫道路,建築線,既成道路,現有巷道,公用地役關係,公法上供役關係,土地使用權同意書, Xing-Nan Night Market,Privately Owned Roads with Public Access,Urban Planning Road,Building line,Existing Roads,Existing Laneways,Public Easement on Privately-Owned Existing Roads,Offentlich-rechtliche Dienstbarkeit,Land Use Agreement, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 2007年起,新北市中和區的興南夜市發生了大規模黑道阻撓商家營業事件。原因是長期擺設攤位的店前土地,竟被有心人士低價收購並高價轉售,從中獲利。然而部分店家為謀生存而高價購入的私有土地後,新北政府卻於2011年起認定這些私有土地為公用道路的一部份,禁止店家再行設攤於店前土地。從此土地所有權人便與政府間展開了一連串的爭訟。本篇論文從興南夜市道路糾紛案出發,蒐集並整理囊括民事案件、刑事案件與行政案件的相關法院判決,試圖釐清個案中私有土地變成公用道路的形成原因,並就相關的法律問題進行研究。
涉及私有土地形成公用道路的法律規範,主要有兩大面向,第一種是有司法院大法官釋字第400號所稱既成道路成立公用地役關係,第二種是依據都市計畫法與建築管理法規等相關規定,經土地所有權人出具同意書後所設置的私有公用道路。前者因為是根據時效此種事實狀態而形成的公用道路,地政機關無法在道路形成時進行道路登記,後者則因為土地使用權同意書在實務運作上法律關係狀態不明,地政機關也無法在道路開闢後進行道路登記。因此,不論是前者還是後者,對於私有土地是否受有供公眾通行使用的限制,都相當的不明確,導致在土地移轉交易時,對於私人之間,甚至是人民與政府之間,都極度容易發生產權使用的紛爭。 為了解決上開問題,本文將從私有公用道路的典型種類,也就是既成道路因時效而形成之公用地役關係此一類別開始分析,認為既成道路與公用地役關係為不同概念,並從公共用物的法制角度,探討因時效形成公用地役關係是否應該不予承認。然後接續分析第二種私有公用道路的形成原因,分別從都市計畫法與建築法相關規定,探討道路形成的通常狀況(計畫道路的設置)與例外情形(土地所有權人出具願供公眾通行之土地使用權同意書),並與其他私有土地受限公眾使用的類型(不限於通行功能)相互比較,討論相關的通行使用問題。希望從以上的討論,針對「私有公用道路的形成」,找出一個理想的制度,讓人民的私有財產權得以受到充分的保障。 Since 2007, Xing-Nan night market in Zhonghe District of New Taipei City has experienced large-scale underworld obstructions to businesses. The reason is that the land in front of the store, which has been set up stalls for a long time, has been acquired at a low price and resold at a high price by interested parties, so as to make a profit from it. However, after some stores bought private land at high prices in order to survive, the New Taipei City Government recognized the private land as part of the public road in 2011 and banned stores from setting up stalls on the land in front of the store. Since then, there has been a series of disputes between the landowners and the government. Starting from the road dispute case of Xingnan night market, this thesis collates the relevant court judgments including civil cases, criminal cases, and administrative cases, in an attempt to clarify the reasons for the formation of private land into public roads in the case, and to study the relevant legal issues. There are two main aspects of the legal norms related to the formation of public roads on private land. The first is the Existing Roads as described by the Judicial Yuan interpretation of No. 400, and the second is the private public roads set up by the consent form issued by the landowner in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Urban Planning Law and the Building Acts and their regulations. Because the former is a road formed according to the factual state of limitation, the land authority is unable to register the road when the road is formed, while the latter is unable to register the road after the road has been opened up because the legal relationship between the consent form of land use right is unknown in practice. Therefore, whether the former or the latter is restricted by public access to private land is quite unclear, resulting in land transfer transactions, between the private, and even between the people and the government, are extremely prone to disputes over the land use of property rights. In order to solve the above problems, this thesis starts with the analysis of the typical type of private public roads (Public Easement on Privately-Owned Existing Roads), and thinks that the Existing Roads and the Public Easement are different concepts. From the perspective of the legal system of public goods, this thesis discusses whether the “Public Easement on Privately-Owned Existing Roads” should not be recognized. Then this thesis continues to analyze the reasons for the formation of the second type of private public roads, and discusses the common conditions and exceptions of the formation of roads from the relevant provisions of the Urban Planning Law and the Building Acts. Besides, this thesis compares them with other types which are restricted by public use of private land, and discusses the relevant issues of public access. It hopes that from the above discussion, we can find out an ideal system for “the formation of Privately Owned Roads with Public Access”, so that the private property rights of the people can be fully protected. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/74972 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201800316 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 法律學系 |
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