從鑲嵌全球到在地復興的雜糧政策：以台灣黃豆為例

Abstract

台灣自美援過後，逐步在飲食與農業生產上邁入現代化，尤其黃豆的進口與需求隨著台灣社會結構轉型而日漸增加，台灣黃豆的食用呈現高度嵌入全球農糧體制的結構。但近年來因為食安風暴所帶來的風險感知，讓社會開始出現反抗這種結構的論述與行動，像是食物主權、糧食安全、永續發展的概念。尤其在與黃豆生產相關的雜糧政策上，台灣政府出現高度獎勵栽種進口替代作物的大糧倉計畫與對地綠色環境給付計畫，相關行動者也開始形塑出國產雜糧復興的氛圍。本文可以分為兩個部分，第一部分運用新制度主義的研究途徑，試圖從美援、發展型國家理論、依賴理論剖析台灣黃豆過去的脈絡以及發展的現況，並且以全國農業會議中農糧相關討論的內容作出分析，釐清出相關的路徑發展與問題。第二部分則是以多層次式視角（MLP）來分析，透過對於產業、政策端與行動者三方的實際了解，切入說明台灣農業邁向永續發展轉型的可能性，藉此提出宏觀觀察及政策建議。

Since the U.S aid in the 1950’s, Taiwan has gradually experienced Modernization, especially in the areas of agricultural production and daily-food consumption. In particular, demand for soybeans has been on the rise, which was spurred by the growing demands for cooking oil and meat. The high demand for soybeans has made the Taiwanese society highly dependent on imported soybeans from the United States. However, the ever-so-often food safety crises and serious pollution in recent years have made the Taiwanese more conscious of the risks in society. As a result, discourses and actions reflecting the global agri-food system began to show up in the society, such as food sovereignty, food security, and sustainable development. In 2016, the Taiwanese government implemented policies to encourage domestic grain production, as well as encouraging farmers and businesses to rebuild domestic product-chains. An increased number of actors started to take part in the Local Grain Revival Movement. This research is divided into two parts. In the first part , new institutionalism is employed as my research approach, as I analyze the contexts and situations of soybeans in Taiwan by studying the U.S. aid , and by employing developmental state theory and dependency theory. Moreover, discussions on grains policies from the National Agriculture Conference are also analyzed, with the aim to make policy-pathways clearer. In the second part, Multi-Level Perspective is employed as a model to analyze the future prospects of Taiwan's agriculture sector moving towards sustainable development. By doing so, marco-observation and policy advice can be provided.