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標題: | 禁制與書寫:戰後臺灣「中國現代文學」引介與北美學人文論 Un/forbidden Writings: The Dissemination of 'Modern Chinese Literature' through the American Taiwanese Literary Criticism |
作者: | Bing-Shu Li 李秉樞 |
指導教授: | 黃美娥 |
關鍵字: | 現代主義,抒情傳統,中國現代文學,五四新文學,三十年代文學, modernism,lyrical tradition,modern Chinese literature,May Fourth new literature,1930s literature, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 戰後臺灣,由於國民黨嚴禁中國二、三○年代的左翼文學,也禁絕留在中國的作家著作,在政治意識形態的禁制之下,封鎖了大部分「中國現代文學」在臺灣的傳播。但事實上,揆諸文本與史料,知識分子依然透過或顯或隱的方式,論述著關於「中國現代文學」的各種問題。我首先爬梳戰後「中國現代文學」在臺灣的引介現象,繼而勾勒不同歷史階段的變化。關鍵的轉折點,在於中共展開文化大革命後,興起批判傳統的浪潮,對二、三○年代的作家進行點名批鬥,而國民黨則推動中華文化復興運動,宣示自身是中國文化的正統繼承人,並評述中國現代文學,藉此爭奪詮釋權。這個現象背後,顯示東亞的政治局勢,連動地影響臺灣文學場域的變遷。在這個歷史脈絡底下,有幾部中國現代文學史陸續在臺灣出版,還有多本談論五四運動、三十年代文學的著作,概略性地評介中國現代文學,讓許多被禁止閱讀的作品,開始進入臺灣文化場域中。這個現象具有特殊的歷史意義,值得深入細繹、探討和開展。
更需要留意的是,在冷戰結構中,對中國現代文學的評介也有來自北美學界的論述。我選擇以白先勇、楊牧和李渝作為研究個案,三人都是臺灣現代主義的代表人物,陸續前往北美求學,並任教於學院當中。他們不僅是作家,同時也是學者,各自發展出有關「中國現代文學」的論述,藉以重思文學史的傳承與流變。不同於壓抑的臺灣社會,在北美的學者能自由地閱讀中國現代文學作品。通過發表,他們的學術見解中介至臺灣,開啟不同於官方論述的視野。北美學界與臺灣文學場域之間,構成一個密切互動的關係網絡。循此,北美學人的位置,是本論文所要突顯的重點之一。而事實上,他們對於「中國現代文學」的理解,彼此有所呼應,亦有所差異。本論文正是要透過作家的作品、論述與位置,以華語語系作為一個觀察介面,考察北美學人對臺灣的影響,進而討論「中國現代文學」在臺灣的文化政治意義,反思既有的文學史框架。 Due to the Kuomintang's strict prohibition on Chinese leftist literature from the 1920s and 30s, as well as the prohibition on writings by authors who stayed in China, most of the dissemination of 'modern Chinese literature' was cut off under the restrictions of the political ideology in postwar Taiwan. However, the texts and historical materials show that, in reality, intellectuals — using either conspicuous or inconspicuous means — were still discussing various problems concerning 'modern Chinese literature'. I will first unravel the postwar phenomenon of the introduction of 'modern Chinese literature' to Taiwan, and then outline the changes of the different historical stages. A key turning point was after the Chinese Communist Party launched the Great Cultural Revolution, which gave rise to a trend of criticizing tradition, denouncing authors from the 1920s and 30s; and the Kuomintang promoting the Chinese Cultural Renaissance Movement, proclaiming itself to be the orthodox inheritor of Chinese culture, as well as commenting on modern Chinese literature, thereby contending for the right to interpretation. This phenomenon reveals how the political situation in East Asia continuously influenced the changes of Taiwan's literary field. Within this historical context, several works of modern Chinese literary history have successively been published in Taiwan, as well as multiple works discussing the May Fourth Movement and 1930s literature, succinctly surveying modern Chinese literature and causing many works prohibited from being read to start entering the cultural field of Taiwan. This phenomenon has particular historical significance and is worth thoroughly investigating. What needs to be taken note of even more, is that within the Cold War structure, there was also discourse evaluating modern Chinese literature coming from North American academia. I have chosen Pai Hsien-yung, Yang Mu, and Li Yu as research cases. These three are representatives of Taiwan's modernist literature and have one after the other gone to North America to pursue education, as well as to take up teaching positions within academia. They are not only authors, but are at the same time also scholars, and they have all developed their own discourse regarding 'modern Chinese literature', with the purpose of reconsidering literary history's tradition and development. Unlike in the oppressed Taiwanese society, scholars in North America could freely read works of modern Chinese literature. Their academic understanding, through publishing, acted as intermediary for Taiwan, opening up a vision different from the official discourse, and creating a closely interacting network of relations between North American academia and Taiwan's literary field. As such, the position of North American scholars is one of the main points this thesis wants to highlight. In reality, these three scholars' understandings of 'modern Chinese literature' have their agreements, but also differences. This thesis, using Sinophone as means for observation, investigates the influence of North American scholars on Taiwan through the works, discourses, and positions of the authors, and then discuss the cultural-political significance of 'modern Chinese literature' in Taiwan, to reflect on the existing framework of literary history. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/73720 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201903933 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 臺灣文學研究所 |
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