權力與自利行為的關係：人生早期權力與權力距離的調節效果

Abstract

本研究有兩個目的以探討權力的角色。首先，我檢驗人生早期權力 (early life power, ELP) 如何調節現在權力 (current power) 與自利行為 (self-interested behavior) 間的正向關係，也就是低人生早期權力會強化高現在權力與自利行為間的正向關係。再者，我也檢驗渴望權力 (desire for power) 對人生早期權力和自利行為間的間接效果。其次，我也假設低人生早期權力可以被高權力距離 (power distance) 代表，也就是相較於低權力距離社會，現在權力與自利行為間的正向關係在高權力距離社會較強。本研究包含多個研究，透過實驗與問卷調查法達成研究目的。在前測中，我驗證人生早期權力的測量工具，並使用於研究一與研究二中，我進行兩階段實驗以驗證人生早期權力與現在權力的交互作用對自利行為的影響效果。此外，我檢驗渴望權力對現在權力與自利行為間的間接效果會被人生早期權力調節。在研究三中，我檢驗在低權力距離情境(美國)和高權力距離情境(台灣與大陸)的人生早期權力與其他相關構念(現在權力、客觀權力與職位)，以確認權力距離可以代表人生早期權力。最後，我檢驗權力距離對現在權力與自利行為間正向關係的調節效果。

This research set a two-fold aim to explore the role of power. First, I examine how early-life-power (ELP) moderates the positive relationship between current power and self-interested behavior, where the low ELP enhances the positive relationship between current high power and self-interested behavior. Moreover, I also examine the indirect effect of ELP on self-interested behavior via desire for power. Second, I propose low ELP can be manifested by the feature of high power distance, specifically the positive relationship between current power and self-interested behavior is stronger in higher distance society than in lower power distance society. This research incorporates multiple studies with experiment and survey methods to reach the research goals. Particularly, in Pilot study, I verify the measurement of ELP, and then in Study1 and Study 2, I conduct a two phases experiment to examine the interaction effect of ELP and current power on self-interested behavior. Moreover, I examine the indirect effect of current power on self-interested behavior via desire for power is moderated by ELP. In Study3, I examine ELP and other related constructs (current power, objective power, and position) in low power distance context (U.S.) and high power distance context (Taiwan and China) to identify that power distance could be proximal to ELP. Finally, I examine the moderating effect of power distance on the positive relationship between current power and self-interested behavior.