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標題: | 蘇軾詩中的「自然」研究 The Study of Nature in Su Shi’s Poetry |
作者: | Theng Kai Joe 鄧凱柔 |
指導教授: | 黃奕珍(Yi-Jen Huang) |
關鍵字: | 蘇軾,自然,山水詩,詩人身分,造物, Su Shi,nature,landscape poetry (Shanshui poetry),the identity of poet,the Creator, |
出版年 : | 2019 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本文分析蘇軾詩中的「自然」,即當代所謂的「大自然」,以探討自然對蘇軾的意義,一窺他的自我審視、主體意識,乃至對於自我生命的詮釋。文中探討蘇軾筆下自然的形貌樣態、性格特質,以及自然對於蘇軾的功能。第二章發現,詩中的自然呈現:(一)沁涼清淨的特質,一方面緣於詩人的心境投射;另一方面則顯現他對人生理想的追求,這又與「潔淨」的理想秩序有關。(二)高潔動人的性質,詩人托物言志,表達惜自然之情,同時自己亦被造物所惜。(三)奇異雄麗的自然,則通過詩人的想像而顯得奇幻不凡;雄麗景象則源於蘇軾對於人生哲思所開展出的情思議論。
第三章勾勒出自然在詩歌中的性格:(一)自然有哀怨孤寂的愁緒,這與詩人的境遇,以及自然需要人的關注有關。(二)自然對人懷有好意,除了單向對人示好,也和詩人有雙向的交流互動,詩人藉此滿足內心渴求的溫暖人情。(三)深意難解的自然,則是探討造物與詩人之間的關係。造物是凌駕於自然萬物的創造者,因此,詩人相信生命中的一切都是造物有意的安排,也信造物對他眷顧有加。詩人的造物觀正是他對於自我生命的審視及詮釋,事實上也唯有這份信仰才能消解其失意消沉的心理狀態 。 第四章發掘自然對蘇軾身心及生命的作用:(一)自然協助身心轉化。自然成為詩人得以沈澱自我、延展身心的特殊場域;詩人亦藉由探索自然的行動來展現主體性,在愉悅的審美經驗中調節身心。(二)自然協助詩人作出仕隱選擇。自然促進他的自我認識,從中發現自己不適於當官,雖欲歸隱,卻仍心繫國運民生,因此心中產生仕隱之拉扯。不過,他通過歸田躬耕與經營生活空間,實踐隱逸心願,彰顯個人意志和價值。(三)自然協助詩人確立詩人之身分。自然提供詩人創作材料及獨處的私人空間;詩人通過作好詩的能力賦予自然全新的存在意義,由此,詩人身分創造了另一可能——蘇軾與造物既有尊卑之分而又平等的關係,只因造物僅是提供自然作為創作資源,然而,詩人才是賦予自然全新意義之創造者。 本文還有待探討的議題為:(一)蘇軾其後的文人詩中有關詩人與造物的關係。將蘇軾/詩人與造物的關係作為代表性座標,與其後詩人與造物的關係進行比較性研究,或可因此更了解宋代文人如何看待造物和自我的關係,亦可一窺文人彼此之間在造物書寫的相互影響。(二)將蘇軾與前人的雄美自然書寫進行宏觀的探討,探析其中的唐宋詩自然書寫之異同、因革、傳承和開拓,以及美學及帶給詩人的意義。 The purpose of this study was to investigate the nature in Su Shi’s poetry which divided into three sections: repeated appearance of nature, personal characteristics of nature, and the impact it had on the poet’s body and mind. The poet was very well relished in experiencing nature through his senses, and there was certain repeated appearance of nature that portrayed in his poem which was discussed in Chapter 2. This included the coolness and pureness, nobility and emotive, and extraordinary and sublimity of nature. Coolness and pureness state of nature was related to the poet’s current feelings and the pursuit of ideal state of mind. While nobility of nature symbolised the integrity of poet, emotive qualities of nature was depicted under his sentiment gaze. The outlandish and extraordinary qualities of nature was usually merged with supernatural and mystical imagination, whereas the transcended greatness and beauty of the poet’s philosophy embodied in the vast, sublime scenery. Chapter 3 discussed about the personal characteristics of nature shown in Su Shi’s poetry, there were resentments and loneliness, being friendly towards human, and being hard to understand. Firstly, resentments and the feeling of isolation that showed in the nature revealed dark emotions of the poet as he experienced endless hardships throughout his life. Secondly, friendliness shown by the nature and the way the poet gained warmth in a secure relationship with the nature revealed his constantly worried and feeling of insecure in social interaction. Next, the relationship between poet and the Creator was examined. It was believed that the physical world was created by the Creator, interestingly, the poet felt that he was being taken care of by the Creator, thus he held an opinion that events that happened in life was actually arranged by the Creator, which put a positive twist in dealing difficulties and disappointment in his life. Lastly, Chapter 4 examined the impact that nature had on the poet’s body and mind. It was found that nature improved emotion regulation, helped in life decision making, and aided in self-positioning by identifying himself as a poet. By marvelling at the mysteries of nature, nature escapade soothed and refreshed the poet, helped him cleared his mind and enhanced his engagement in deep inner reflection, challenged him with physical adventures which boosted his willpower. He felt rejuvenated and exceptionally fulfilled in nature which made him realised his wilderness personality. This caused a lifelong internal conflict whether to fully engage in contribution to society or to retreat to nature, as he was a person with wild and free personalities who also cared much about politics, however he was often at odds with others as each of them held different political standpoints. When he was exiled into the wild for false accusations, he felt powerless and drowned in frustration at first, but sooner or later he shifted his political concern to living space designing. He started in experimenting and creating his living space by farming and building new home rather than passively absorbing the wonderment of nature, consequently discovered that all true power came from within. At this stage of life, the surrounding nature helped him realised that being a poet played a vital role in identity construction after losing his political status. He found inspirations and comfortable personal space in nature, wrote marvellous poetry by transforming physical nature into meaningful context. What was more interesting was that, he felt himself as powerful as the Creator when he identified himself as a poet, after all, the Creator only constructed physical nature, he was the one who created meaningful context in nature by writing them in the way he wanted. Hence, the intricate relationship between poet and the Creator could be both dominance-subordinate and equal at the same time. This study presented results within the context of certain limitations, therefore further research is needed. Firstly, investigation of the relationship between the Creator and other poets in Song dynasty is needed. By combining and analysing the results, we are able to discover more about the way Song dynasty people view and deal with their relationships with the Creator. Hence, we would eventually have a deeper understanding of the outlook on life of Song dynasty people. Secondly, comparison of Su Shi’s sublime landscape writing which represents Song dynasty poetry with Tang dynasty poetry is needed in order to explore the similarities and differences between both. This enables us to understand more about the context of sublime landscape writing in both dynasties, as well as the meaning of sublime writings for the poets, and at the same time, it definitely contributes to aesthetics theory and philosophy of arts. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/72651 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201902056 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 中國文學系 |
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