政府資訊公開法中豁免公開事由之檢討

Abstract

在政府資訊公開法已制定施行超過12年後的今日，我國也累積了為數頗多的實務案例。藉由此些案例，一方面可建構起政府資訊公開制度的樣貌，一方面也凸顯出制度上的盲點。其中，最大的癥結點即政府資訊公開法第18條第1項之九款豁免公開事由，大多實務案例與學說爭議亦以此為核心。 因此，本文即專以政府資訊公開法中豁免公開事由之檢討為題，試圖就解釋論與立法論之面向為現行爭議尋求出路，並輔以比較法上美國法與德國法之經驗，以為我國法適用之參考。在論述架構上，本論文先就現行豁免公開制度予以介紹並提出問題，在此部分，本論文以分析大量實務判決之方式，建構我國政府資訊公開制度之樣貌，並能具體釐清各款豁免公開事由之爭點所在；其次，在比較法上，因我國政府資訊公開法主要係繼受自美國之法制，而德國法則有其相當特殊之立法歷程，故本論文以美國法之參考為主，德國法之參考為輔；而後回歸我國法之討論，本文重申了探究政府資訊公開請求權之憲法基礎之實益，並提出區分資訊之性質以決定其憲法基礎強弱之主張；在現行法之解釋論上，則提出以法益衡量之模式做為貫穿政府資訊公開與否之判斷標準；最後則除總結外，亦將目前尚未通過立法之政府資訊公開法草案予以簡易介紹、評析，期能對我國法制有所助益。

The Freedom of Government Information Law in Taiwan has been formulated and enacted for more than 12 year. The accumulated cases not just helped build the structure of the legal system, but also highlighted the controversies in the system, among which Article 18 Section 1 of The Freedom of Government Information Law, also known as “the Exemptions”, is often the keypoint. Therefore, this thesis aims to reexamine the appropriateness of the exemptions in The Freedom of Government Information Law, trying to find solutions for current controversies. In the second chapter, this thesis introduces the current legal system by analyzing massive verdicts. By doing so, we can clearly see the disputes in each exemption clause. In the third chapter, this thesis introduces the related regulations in the Freedom of Information Act of the USA, and the “Informationsfreiheitsgesetz” of German law. The reason to choose these two systems is that The Freedom of Government Information Law was mainly inherited from the Freedom of Information Act, and that German’s experiences are very unique. After comparing different systems, this thesis can reexamine the legal system in Taiwan. This thesis reiterates the significance to explore the constitutional foundation of the claims in The Freedom of Government Information Law, and holds that the constitutional foundation should be determined by the nature of the information. Also, this thesis brings up the idea to determine the publication of information through measurement of legal interests. In the last chapter, this thesis sums up the above, and gives a brief introduction and analysis of the draft of the amendments of The Freedom of Government Information Law.