台灣地區 ATM 設置與使用影響因素之研究

Abstract

台灣發展自動櫃員機已有將近 30 年的歷史，由於自動櫃員機相較於傳統 分行設置成本低，且相當方便，因此目前台灣自動櫃員機的發展依然逐年增 加，由於台灣地狹人稠，自動櫃員機密度高，自動櫃員機目前依然是民眾提 領現金的最佳選擇。但隨著科技越來越發達，金融業競爭越來越激烈，世界 各國的大型金融機構逐漸開發出成本低廉的電子支付系統來取代之，而台灣 也必然逐漸朝這個趨勢發展，因此自動櫃員機的選位因素，對於金融機構來 說勢必將是一項重要的課題。本研究係以台灣地區自動櫃員機之交易量為研 究對象，並另外將六都及非六都的資料分開進行分析，由於多數的金融機構， 人口，以及公司行號在台北市內且相當密集，因此將台北市不同行政區進行 劃分。在廣泛之產業及文獻探討後，篩選出公司登記數、可支配所得、經常 性支出、金融機構數、勞動人口數(15-64 歲)、便利商店數、行動支付數等 七個影響變數，並加入失業率，消費者物價指數，GDP 做為控制變數藉以探 討台灣地區金融機構自動櫃員機交易量之影響因素。實證結果，有下列重要 發現:在臺灣地區的模型中，公司登記數、勞動人口數及行動支付數與 ATM 交易量呈現正相關皆表示該區域商業活動越高，ATM 交易量理應越高。在六 都的模型中，公司登記數與 ATM 交易量呈現正相關，在比較六都 ATM 交易量 及金融機構數量中發現台北市及台南市可能有 ATM 過剩的跡象。在非六都模 型中，公司登記數、可支配所得及行動支付數與 ATM 交易量呈現正相關，新 竹縣市 ATM 交易量遠遠高於其它非六都各縣市。在台北市的模型中，公司登 記數及可支配所得越高及銀行家數越高與 ATM 交易量呈現正相關。在各模型 中公司登記數幾乎都呈現顯著正相關，因此公司登記數應為 ATM 設置與使用 之重要參考因素。

The automated teller machine (ATM) has been established and continue developing for nearly 30 years in Taiwan. Due to the continence and cost-effective factors comparing to bank branches, the installment and development of ATMs in Taiwan is increasing every year. Due to Taiwan’s narrow and dense population, the density of ATMs is high and ATMs are the obvious best choice for people withdrawing cash. However, as technology advances and competition in the financial industry becomes more fierce, large financial institutions around the world have gradually developed low-cost electronic payment systems to replace the ATMs, and Taiwan will inevitably gradually develop toward this trend. Therefore, the use of the ATMS and installment selection factor is bound to be an important issue to financial institutions. The research focused on the transaction volume of ATMs in Taiwan, and separates the data of the 6 main provinces for analysis. Since most financial institutions, populations, and companies are densely located in Taipei City, therefore, the different administrative districts of Taipei City are also divided. After extensive industry and literature research, seven influencing variables including the number of company registrations, disposable income, current expenditures, number of financial institutions, labor population (15-64 years old), convenient stores, and online payments were selected. In addition, unemployment rate, consumer price index, and GDP are added as control variables to explore the factors affecting the transaction volume of ATMs of financial institutions in Taiwan. The empirical results have the following important findings: In the model of describing Taiwan as a whole, the number of company registrations, the number of laborers, and the number of mobile payments are positively correlated with the ATM transaction volume. All of them indicate that the higher the business activity in the region, the higher the ATM transaction volume. In the model exploring the 6 main provinces in Taiwan, the number of company registrations and ATM transaction volume are positively correlated. The ATM transaction volume and the number of financial institutions revealed that there may be signs of ATM surplus in Taipei City and Tainan City. In the other model explaining the cities outside the 6 main provinces, the number of company registrations, disposable income, and online payment are positively correlated with the ATM transaction volume. The ATM transaction volume of Hsinchu County is much higher than that of the other counties. In the Taipei City model, the higher the number of company registrations, the higher the disposable income and the higher the number of banks, are positively correlated with ATM transaction volume. In every model, the number of company registrations almost all show a significant positive correlation, so the number of company registrations is an important reference factor for ATM installment.