摺紙技術於醫療器材之應用

Abstract

近年來，使用摺紙的製造方式已逐漸成為工程製造中的熱門製造方式，但就目前來講還沒有過多地用在醫療器材方面。應用摺紙技術不僅可以縮小了外科手術中外傷的傷口，加快病人的傷口復原，縮短恢復時間，提高效率，更重要的是可以降低醫療成本。應用摺紙的方式提出醫療器材的構想將會成為發展醫療器材未來的趨勢。肝癌為現今全球第六大癌症，死亡人數甚至在所有癌症中排名第三。肝癌的其中一項治療方式是利用栓塞肝動脈來阻斷供應癌細胞的血流。脊椎壓縮性骨折最常見的誘發原因是骨質疏鬆。脊椎骨內的骨密度和強度都下降，在輕微暴力下引起脊椎內部骨折，高度下降。骨質疏鬆引起的脊椎壓縮性骨折的發病率很高，而且隨著老齡化逐年升高，主要見於老年女性。本研究旨在提出通過摺紙的製造方式完成治療肝癌及脊椎壓縮性骨折的醫療器材的設計，並通過軟體模擬其三維模型結構。使用具有形狀記憶特性的鎳鈦合金板完成其製造。對於治療肝癌的栓塞結構，對其採用熱處理定型的方式，並通過實驗，測得其阻擋率。對於治療壓縮性骨折的支架結構，先對其進行有限元素分析，並通過實驗，測得其壓縮時的受力情況。由於目前對於兩種醫療器材還處於設計試驗階段，所以其尺寸與實際尺寸有所不同，但是所設計器材已經可以滿足治療所要達到的功能。

In recent years, the use of origami manufacturing methods has gradually become a popular manufacturing method in engineering manufacturing, but at present it has not been used excessively in medical device. The application of origami technology can not only reduce the trauma during surgery, accelerate the recovery of patients' wounds, shorten recovery time, improve efficiency, but more importantly, reduce medical costs. The idea of using origami to propose medical device will become the future trend of developing medical device. Today, liver cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world, and the death toll is even ranked third among all cancers. One of the treatments for liver cancer is to use the embolized hepatic artery to block the blood flow to the cancer cells. The most common cause of vertebral compression fractures is osteoporosis. Bone mineral density and strength in the vertebrae are reduced, causing internal fractures of the spine under mild violence and a high degree of decline. The incidence of vertebral compression fractures caused by osteoporosis is high, and it is mainly seen in older women as aging increases year by year. The purpose of this study was to propose the design of medical devices for the treatment of liver cancer and spinal compression fractures by means of origami manufacturing, and to simulate the three-dimensional model structure through software. The manufacture is carried out using a nickel-titanium alloy sheet having shape memory characteristics. For the embolization structure of liver cancer, the heat treatment was used to determine the blocking rate. For the scaffold structure for the treatment of compression fractures, the finite element analysis was carried out first, and the force at the time of compression was measured through experiments. Since the two medical devices are currently in the design test phase, their size is different from the actual size, but the designed device can meet the functions to be achieved by the treatment.