孫覿詩文研究

Abstract

本論文旨在掘發孫覿(1081-1169)的文學成就，分從詩、四六文、記體文、墓誌銘四個面向探析之。研究發現，在歐陽脩、蘇軾、黃庭堅等北宋詩文大家相繼去世後，詩文漸有「形式化」的弊病，如：詩歌創作特別講究句律，忽略性情；四六文流行「謹守法度」，記體文和墓誌銘也逐漸形成套式。但在這樣的背景下，孫覿卻能有所突破。 首先，孫覿詩以「清麗曠達」為主調，又長於營造「新奇宏肆」的詩境，並常有「波瀾跌宕」的詩意轉折，凡此皆與蘇軾類近，和黃庭堅不盡相同。而對比宗法黃庭堅身為詩壇主流的江西詩派，可見孫覿選擇了另一條創作道路。 其次，孫覿四六文除了能實踐「精工」的屬對外，又能寫出具「雄博」風格的篇章，並不時有「奇傑」的造語。孫覿很好地平衡了王安石「謹守法度」和蘇軾「雄深浩博」的文風，和當時四六文作家多學王安石者不同。 再則，孫覿記體文好使「駢語」、好用「成語」，迥異於歐陽脩以來記體文多用散語寫就的傳統。另外，孫覿記體文且有好寫「奇事」的傾向。以上種種，都顯現出孫覿有別於當世作家的特色。 最後，孫覿墓誌銘常將角色置於「大背景」下定位，擅形塑人物「懷奇負氣」的個性，又多強調墓主「突兀神奇」的死亡，也異於當時許多平板的墓誌銘書寫。 總之，把孫覿詩文置於兩宋之際的文壇脈絡中加以檢視，得見孫覿詩文的獨特處，其「雄奇」的創作風格，避免了彼時「形式化」和「冗弱」的弊病，在宋代文學史上當有一定意義。

This dissertation focused to analyze Sun Di's (1081-1169) literary achievements from four aspects: poetry, four-six prose, ji prose, and epitaphs. We found that after the death of Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and other outstanding author in the Northern Song Dynasty, poetry and prose gradually suffered from 'formalization'. Poetry particularly focused to sentence rules, ignoring temperament; four-six prose are popular with 'observance of the law', and ji prose and epitaphs also had paradigms. However, Sun Di could make a breakthrough. First, Sun Di 's poetry was 'light and open-minded', 'novel and grand', and ' well-plotted'. It was similar to Su Shi, but not exactly the same as Huang Tingjian. Compared with the Jiangxi poetry group learned to Huang Tingjian was the mainstream Sun Di chose another creative path. Secondly, Sun Di 's four-six prose was 'exquisite' 'powerful', and 'novel' concocts from time to time. Sun Di had a good balance between Wang Anshi's 'observance of the law' and Su Shi's 'brilliant and powerful'. Sun Di was different from those of the Four-six prose writer. Thirdly, Sun Di 's ji prose liked to write 'pianyu' ,'idioms', and 'anecdote' showed that Sun Di was special writers. Fourthly, Sun Di 's epitaphs often took the character under the 'large background' to shape the personality of the character. And Sun Di 's was adept at depicting character’s strangeness. Sun Di 's also emphasizes tomb owner's abrupt and mysterious dead, which was different from many flat epitaphs. In short, Sun Di’s poetry and prose were special between two Songs the uniqueness. His 'powerful' creative style avoids the 'formalization' and 'redundancy'. Sun Di had a certain meaning in the history of Song Dynasty literature.