環境友善水產養殖:無毒及傳統水產養殖蜆之比較

Abstract

生態、食品安全及環境保護的水產養殖是全球的風潮。無毒農業台灣蜆經過花蓮縣政府認證，具有高經濟價值而且可以減少環境衝擊和降低養殖風險，所生產的蜆品質接近有機養殖。很少研究水產養殖的環境友善，因此引發本研究興趣想去了解無毒養殖和傳統養殖的生態友善和環境友善。本研究比較台灣蜆無毒養殖和傳統養殖之成長、潛沙、養殖排出水、植物、鳥、魚的豐度及生物歧異度指數。結果顯示，除了一種對除草劑與藥物產生抗藥性的草種外，無毒養殖方法所檢測的變數大多數高於傳統養殖方法，這種無毒養殖方法接近於有機養殖方法，呈現環境友善與生態友善，值得被積極推廣。 關鍵字: 無毒水產養殖，有機水產養殖，生態友善，Simpson多樣性指數，Shannon's多樣性指數。

The ecology, food safety and environmental protection are currently global attention for aquaculture. The clams with innocuous certification by the local Hualien government, which has high economic value but also can reduce environmental impact and damage, are approaching the quality of organic aquaculture clams. A few studies investigated the environmental friendliness in aquaculture, thus triggering this study interest to compare eco-friendly and environmental friendliness between the innocuous and conventional methods. The purpose of this study was to compare the growth, burrowing ability, aquaculture outlet wastewater, the species number, abundance and biodiversity indices of plants, birds and fishes of clams (Corbicula fluminea) cultured by innocuous and conventional methods. The results showed that most measured variable of innocuous methods were higher than those of conventional methods, except a resistant herbicides and drugs weed species. Therefore, the present study concludes the approaching organic innocuous aquaculture method is more environmental eco-friendly. The natural environment is usually destroyed by human being, so those eco-friendly methods should be much promoted currently. Keywords: innocuous aquaculture, organic aquaculture, eco-friendly, Simpson diversity index, Shannon's diversity index