基隆和平島的地方敘事之反思與重構-地圖與繪圖取徑下的批判研究

Abstract

「北社寮，南安平」意指台灣兩個歷史定位非凡的地方，建構的是三百多年前西班牙與荷蘭在台灣的歷史起點。「社寮」正是基隆和平島的舊稱，數百年的歷史積累使它經常成為受關注的焦點，也是地方文史調查與觀光行銷的重心。除了豐富的歷史底蘊，多元族群共存也是和平島人認同的重要資產。然而研究者觀察到，從歷史論述的建構到地方觀光的行銷，「歷史大敘事」已經成為各界倚重的觀點，屬於多元族群的「微敘事」則不被重視，甚至隨著時間逐漸消逝。 我以「地圖」作為研究取徑，論述數百年來古地圖權力與知識建構的關係，目的是為了解構「歷史大敘事」對於和平島地方觀點的權力掌控。研究者發現，不論是哪一個時期的和平島古地圖，都充分顯現了統治者的權力掌控，目的是為了服務統治者的利益。既然地圖可以為統治者服務，當然也可以為地方居民的利益服務，於是研究者試圖探討「微敘事地圖」的繪製意義。多元觀點「微敘事地圖」突顯了「歷史大敘事」經常忽略的重要事實，它涉及居民真實生活下的空間議題以及地方認同觀點，對於往後和平島的歷史書寫以及規劃發展具有啟發的意義。

'North She-liao and South An-ping' indicates two significant historic places in Taiwan colonized by the Spanish and the Dutch three hundred years ago. The historical layers and richness of She-liao Island, the old name of Hoping Island, or Peace Island become the subject of academic surveys and researches of cultures and histories as well as the tool of tourism economy promoted by local communities. Besides the distinctive historical meaning of Hoping Island, the coexistence of diverse cultures from different immigrant backgrounds and periods is another important asset sustained by the residents' everyday life. The grand narrative of history has become the focus for the construction of historical discourses and the marketing of local tourism, but the pico-narratives based on the daily routines of diverse social sub-groups are generally overlooked or manipulated. Cartographic analysis of “historical maps” is chosen as the main approach to reveal the relationship between the power of early maps and the construction of local knowledge, and by so doing to deconstruct the grand narrative of history which dominates the discourses of Hoping Island. The research outcome shows that the early maps of Hoping Island of different historical periods coincide with the manipulation of the authorities to use maps to serve their interests. But if maps can serve the interests of the authorities, they can also serve the interests of the grassroots. This research attempts to reconstruct the meaning of pico-narrative mapping, and the multi-layered pico-narrative maps disclose what the grand narrative of historical cartography might have neglected. The remapping of the local redefines the territories of residents’ daily-life exchanges and identities, which may help people rethink the issues of historical writing and spatial programming of Hoping Island for the future from bottom up.