女性與自然：兩本女性烏托邦小說的探討

Abstract

女性烏托邦小說是烏托邦文學的一支。具有女性主義和生態環保意識。女性烏托邦小說通常描寫一個就女性主義角度而言，比現實更為美好的社會，而這個社會也往往符合生態保育原則。本論文檢視的兩本七零年代女性烏托邦小說—瑪姬．皮兒西的《時間邊緣的女人》和莎莉．米勒．姬兒哈的《漫遊地》—同樣具備此等對女性主義和生態環境議題的關切。然而，透過生態女性主義視角的檢視，這兩本小說在性別、性靈和生育上的刻畫卻有絕大的不同。《時間邊緣的女人》描寫一個沒有性別差異的社會，就中，大多數的女人淡化她們和自然間的連結。此外，女性的生育能力也被視為是一種包袱。《漫遊地》則保存了性別差異，榮耀女人獨具的靈性，並視女性生育能力為一股神聖的力量。此些歧異在在揭露了兩位作者分歧的女性主義觀點：《時間邊緣的女人》體現了皮兒西的激進女性主義觀，而《漫遊地》則實現姬兒哈的生態女性思想。

Feminist utopia is a subgenre in the domain of utopian literature which, informed by feminist and ecological insights, often describes societies better in feminist terms and consonant with ecological principles. The two 1970s feminist utopias under scrutiny, Marge Piercy’s Woman on the Edge of Time and Sally Miller Gearhart’s The Wanderground, demonstrate similar feminist and ecological concerns. Despite their shared concerns, the two nevertheless differ in their treatment of gender, spirituality and reproduction, when examined through an ecofeminist lens. Woman on the Edge of Time depicts a community where gender difference does not exist, where most women loosen their spiritual connection with nature, and where women’s reproductive power is taken to be a burden. The Wanderground, on the other hand, preserves gender difference, honors women’s spirituality and deems women’s reproductive power to be sacred. These differences uncover the two authors’ divergent feminist ideologies: Woman on the Edge of Time embodies many of Piercy’s radical libertarian thoughts while The Wanderground realizes many of Gearhart’s ecofeminist beliefs.