自發性地理資訊在救災應變的效能與空間特性─以莫拉克風災網路災情平台為例

Abstract

本研究以莫拉克網路災情平台為案例，從網路力量與民間動能的觀點，分析民間建置之災情資訊網路平台在救災應用上的實際效能，並檢視平台所提供之災情資訊在人力、物資配派上的貢獻；另一方面，探究災情資訊的空間性，釐清其空間上的聚集特性或無疆界的特徵。本研究主要採用半結構式訪談的研究方法，訪談消防署與中央災害防救科技中心等政府救災單位，慈濟、紅十字會與世界展望會等民間救災團體，及媒體記者等三個部門，從組織動員方式、情資取得之管道等面向來評估災情平台的效能；另以莫拉克災情地圖、莫拉克災情網路中心、莫拉克災情資料表等平台建置者為訪談對象，藉由災情資訊取得與篩選方式、資訊之空間定位等議題，釐清災情資訊的空間特性。根據訪談結果再輔以相關文獻進行分析與討論，進一步了解自發性地理資訊在災難中所扮演的角色，作為救災體制修正參考。研究發現，自發性地理資訊的空間特性受到資通訊與社會網絡的限制而非毫無疆界，而其在救災應變上的實質效能則可協助尋人與物資配派以補政府救災體系之不足。本文在學術研究上的創新在於，災害管理關於自發性地理資訊的研究尚屬缺乏，同時亦補充自發性地理資訊研究欠缺探討救災應變實質效能、空間特性、資訊流與資訊關係人之研究向度。

This study uses the information platforms for Typhoon Morakot as a case study to assess the effectiveness and spatiality of volunteered geographical information in disaster response. The major research tasks are to evaluate their contributions to information dissemination and resource distribution and to explore the spatial characteristics of disaster information delivered on those platforms. Semi-structured qualitative interviews are adopted as the primary research method. Key informants in three sectors that have information in need for disaster responses are interviewees to justify the usefulness and effectiveness of volunteered geographic information. The first one is the government agency including the National Fire Agency and the National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, the second is the NGO containing Tzu Chi, the Red Cross Society of the Republic of China, and World Vision, and the last group is the media such as reporters. Afterwards this research conducts in-depth interviews with the people who established the disaster information platform for the issues of information obtaining, sieving and positioning to demonstrate the spatial characters of disaster information. Not only the spatial distributes of information on the platforms are analyzed, but also the role that the civil geographical information played in disaster recovery is further discussed. This study finds that the spatiality of volunteer geographic information is not boundless because of the limitation of ICT and social networks; however, the information platform indeed could help to find missing people and distribute rescue goods more efficiently. Concluding, this study contributes to the knowledge gap with regard to the scientific discussion of the volunteer geographical information in disaster management; at the meanwhile the actual effectiveness and the spatial characteristics of the volunteer geographical information, as well as the relationship between the information flow and informants are examined.