圖書資訊學高被引、低被引與未被引文章特性之比較分析

Abstract

本研究利用書目計量法，以1992年至2012年出版的圖書資訊學期刊文章為對象，分析高被引、低被引與未被引文章之書目、內容、作者及期刊特性，期能瞭解圖書資訊學的學科引用特性，提供相關未來研究之參考。本研究將圖書資訊學文章依引用次數分為高被引、低被引與未被引文章三種集合，於書目特性與作者特性部分，依年代區分為1992年至2002年與2003年至2012年兩個階段，比較高被引、低被引與未被引文章特性的變化趨勢。 研究結果顯示，在書目特性方面，低被引與未被引文章數占圖書資訊學期刊文章總數近九成，高被引文章的參考文獻筆數、標題字數、文章頁數之平均皆高於低被引與未被引文章；在內容特性方面，高被引文章皆為英語出版的研究型文獻，而低被引文章以研究型文章最多，約占六成，未被引文章之文章類型以書評最多，約占八成，兩者之文章類型數量皆為20種，語言別以英文、德文、西班牙文為主；在作者特性方面，高被引、低被引、未被引文章的作者皆以單一作者的比例最高，但低被引與未被引的單一作者文章數比例分別為高被引文章的二倍及三倍。高被引文章作者國藉共計51國，主要國家依序為美國、英國、荷蘭、加拿大等，發表高被引文章數量最多的機構為荷蘭萊頓大學科學技術研究中心，論文平均引用數最高者由哈佛公共衛生學院所發表。低被引及未被引文章作者國籍數分別有112、118國，主要國家依序皆為美國、英國、加拿大；在期刊特性方面，出版最多高被引文章之期刊依序為Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association、Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology、Scientometrics，分別約占總高被引文章數的19.94%、19.41%、11.44%。出版最多低被引文章則為Library Journal、Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association、Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology，分別占總低被引文章數的10.92%、5.07%、4.67%。出版最多未被引文章之期刊為Library Journal，約占總低被引文章數的七成。 圖書資訊學期刊文章在1992-2002與2003-2012兩個年代區間的書目特性與作者特性變化趨勢如下。首先，在書目特性方面，與1992-2002年的數量相比，高被引與未被引文章數量呈現下降的趨勢，於2003-2012年，分別下降32.19%、11.95%，低被引文章數量則微幅上升18.09%。高被引、低被引與未被引文章的參考文獻數量於2003-2012年皆分別增加11.29%、127.93%、137.06%。而文章的標題字數部分，高被引與低被引文章的標題字數比例分別增加11.32%、16.11%，而未被引文章則減少了5.33%。文章頁數部分，只有高被引文章的頁數比例下降6.27%，低被引與未被引文章分別增加46.91%、44.33%。其次，在作者特性方面，就作者數而言，相較於1992-2002年，2003-2012年的高被引文章、低被引文章與未被引文章的合著情形都明顯增加，平均合著率分別成長9.57%、16.89%、2.79%。相反的，單一作者文章數皆呈現下降的趨勢，以高被引文章下降比例最高，共下降11.03%，低被引與未被引文章則分別減少5.9%、7.22%。顯示圖書資訊學期刊文章的有合著的趨勢。就作者的國籍而言，美國籍作者不論是在高被引、低被引或未被引文章的數量排名，都位居第一。

The purpose of this study is to identify and compare the bibliometric characteristics of highly cited, low cited and uncited articles in the field of library and information science journal articles during the period from 1992 to 2012. This study presents an analysis of bibliographic, content, authorship, and journal characteristics using bibliometric methods. Bibliographic and authorship characteristics are further analyzed by dividing publication year to two stage, from 1992 to 2002 and from 2003 to 2012 respectively. In terms of bibliographic characteristics, the number of low cited and uncited articles account for 90% of total articles in the period concerned. The average number of references , title length and pages of highly cited articles are higher than that of low cited and uncited articles. In terms of content characteristics, highly cited articles are all published in English research articles. Whereas, there are only 60% research articles among low cited articles and 80% book reviews among uncited articles. For both low cited and uncited articles, articles were published in 20 different kinds of languages, with English, Germany and Spanish as the top three languages with highest number of articles. In terms of authorship characteristic, single author article accounts for the largest proportion. The highly cited articles were published by 51 countries, with USA, United Kindom and Netherlands ranked as the top three countries with highest number of highly cited articles. On the institutional level, Center of Science & Technogy Studies of Leiden University published 39 highly cited articles and took the lead as the institution with highest number of highly cited articles. On the other hand, Harvard School of Public Health showed the highest average citation rate, with 192 citation on average during 1992-2012. There are 112 and 118 countries with low cited articles and uncited articles respectively, mainly USA, United Kingdom and Canada; In terms of characteristics of the periodicals, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology and Scientometrics published the highest number of highly cited articles, with that of 19.94%、19.41%、11.44% in the overall number of highly cited articles. Library Journal, Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association and Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology published the highest number of low cited articles with that of 10.92%, 5.07% and 4.67% respectively in the overall number of low cited articles. Library Journal published the highest number of uncited articles, which accounted for 70% of all uncited articles. The characteristics of journals in the field of library and information science during the period from 1992-2002 and from 2003-2012 are shown as follow, respectively. There shows a decrease in the number of highly cited articles and uncited articles during 2003-2012 in comparison with that of 1992-2002, with that of decreasing rate of 32.19% and 11.95% respectively, though there has shown a slight increase in the percentage of low cited articles with that of 18.09%. The number of references for highly cited articles, low cited articles and uncited articles have increased with that of 11.29%, 127.93% and 137.06% during 2003-2012. In terms of the title length of the articles, the percentage of highly cited articles and low cited articles have increased to that of 11.32% and 16.11% higher, while uncited articles showed a decrease of 5.33% in comparison with that of 1992-2002. In terms of the number of pages for articles, there has shown a decrease in the number of page numbers for highly cited articles, with that of 6.27%, while low cited articles and uncited articles showed an increase of 46.91% and 44.33% respectively. In terms of the characteristics of the authors, there has shown a dramatic increase in the number of co-authored articles in highly cited articles, low cited articles and uncited articles during the period of 2003-2012 in comparison with that of during 1992-2002, with that of increased average co-authored rate being 9.57%, 16.89% and 2.79% respectively. On the contrary, there has shown a decreasing rate in the number of articles by single authors, with highly cited articles showing the highest decrease rate with that of 11.03%; low cited articles and uncited articles show a decrease of 5.9% and 7.22% respectively. This shows that there has shown a trend in co-authorship in the field of library and information science. Authors from USA published the highest number of articles in highly cited articles, low cited articles and uncited articles respectively.