散裝穀倉稻穀品質與數量監測系統研製

Abstract

稻米是臺灣的重要作物之一，也是國人主要的主食。由於稻穀有固定的產季，國家為了維持全年的糧食供應及因應戰備糧食需求，設置了公糧制度。為了確保公糧庫存正確，需要建立散裝穀倉稻穀品質與數量監測系統來輔助公糧稽查及督導。稻穀主要的儲藏方式分為袋裝平倉及散裝穀倉。散裝穀倉可以提升管理效率，且稻米在低溫散裝冷藏下儲存的品質較好。但是散裝穀倉不易於計量，且無法直接檢測稻穀品質，因此本研究發展一套系統用來監測穀倉內稻穀的存放環境及觀測稻穀存量變化。本系統分為溫度監測子系統及倉位監測子系統：溫度監測子系統分為四個部分，感測線、控制模組、無線傳輸模組及電腦軟體。感測線內為TMP175串接電路並包覆軟管保護結構，藉由Arduino控制器將訊號以無線傳輸至電腦，電腦端利用SCADA系統整合數個穀倉的資料，可以遠端集中管理所有場區，對於提升穀倉稻穀儲存品質及節約能源有很大的助益。倉位監測子系統以步進馬達和雷射測距儀搭配本研究開發的程式，可以計算稻穀的數量，並提供視覺化的立體圖表，實驗結果誤差約在5.00%以下。經過試驗，出倉活動可以藉由溫度監測得知，搭配倉位監測子系統可以得知準確的公糧數量。而本研究建立的穀倉品質監測系統，也可以用於稻穀儲存模擬或相關學術研究的基礎。

Rice is one of the most important staple crops in Taiwan. Government purchases paddy and stores it in contracted warehouses to secure food supply. Paddy is stored in either bagged grain storage or grain silo. Silo storage process is advantaged than bagged storage in less labor-intensive and less costly, however grain quality and quantity in silo storage are difficult to supervise. Thus quality and quantity monitoring systems were developed in the study to provide government food agencies to monitor and audit their purchased paddy in grain silo. In literature, temperature is the most important parameter that influences quality of grain in silo during storage. Moreover, we found that by monitoring temperature also provides us the information of loading and unloading activities in the field. A supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system was developed in the study, that consisted of cascade supervisory computers system in storage managing offices and food agencies' control center, and remote terminal units (RTUs) connecting to temperature sensors in grain silo to acquire data on the process and sending data to supervisory computers by wireless and internet. The RTUs were composed of series temperature sensors TMP175, a single-board microcontroller Arduino, and radio module XbeeS2, for temperature sensing, data gathering and wireless communication respectively. A grain volume measuring system was built for grain quantity auditing. Empty cavity in the silo was measure to calculate bulk volume of grain in the silo. The dimension of cavity was measurement by laser rangefinder and data was computed using image processing algorithm. The monitoring system and auditing system developed in the study will provide versatile tools for grain storage management, furthermore, will also benefit studies in related fields.