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標題: | 季節、成熟度與貯藏時間對木虌果果實類胡蘿蔔素含量與抗氧化力之影響 Effects of Seasons, Maturity and Storage Duration on Carotenoids Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Gac (Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng.) Fruits |
作者: | Jhen-Yuan He 何禎元 |
指導教授: | 林書妍(Shu-Yen Lin) |
關鍵字: | 原生種,果實發育,茄紅素,β-胡蘿蔔素,總多元酚,ABTS,鐵離子還原抗氧化力, indigenous variety,fruit development,lycopene,beta carotene,total phenolics,2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS),ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 木虌果含豐富類胡蘿蔔素,為優良食物來源。本試驗以兩臺灣原生種木虌果品系為材料(‘F795’與‘17043’),以季節、成熟度與貯藏時間組合探討其園藝性狀,並分析機能性成分與抗氧化力。季節根據木虌果種植建議,包含夏、秋、冬三季,果實成熟度依據授粉後天數(days after pollination, DAP)判定,貯藏時間則於採收後持續貯藏20天,並於貯藏期間每5天進行一次調查,項目包含全果重及各部位重、果色變化、果肉厚度及硬度,並分析果肉及假種皮中的類胡蘿蔔素含量與ABTS、FRAP抗氧化力。 兩原生種品系木虌果在夏季、秋季、冬季果的色相值、果肉厚度、果肉硬度,均隨成熟度與貯藏時間增加而下降。‘F795’夏果於39、46、53、60 DAP採收,果實分別需貯藏6~12天轉色;‘17043’夏果39、46、53、60 DAP採收,果實分別需貯藏5~18天完成轉色。‘F795’秋果在不同成熟度採收均未達成熟色澤,轉色完全需3~12天,‘17043’秋果則皆需貯藏12~13天才能完成轉色。冬季果實在各採收成熟度皆未達成熟色澤,‘F795’冬果採收後需貯藏13天轉色完全,‘17043’冬果則需7~13天轉色完全。 果實的性狀表現,‘F795’的夏果全果重在46 DAP達最高,為599.88 g,‘17043’夏果全果重在53 DAP達最高,為550.68 g;兩品系假種皮鮮重均在53 DAP達最高,‘F795’假種皮為112.40 g,‘17043’假種皮為111.08 g。秋果兩品系全果重與假種皮鮮重均於39 DAP即達最高,‘F795’分別為果重574.68 g、假種皮重115.64 g,‘17043’果重為579.16 g、假種皮重為121.00 g。‘F795’冬果全果重與假種皮鮮重在49 DAP達最高,而‘17043’冬果的全果重與假種皮鮮重則在56 DAP達最高。 兩品系在夏季、秋季、冬季的果實,總類胡蘿蔔素含量隨成熟度與貯藏天數增加而顯著上升。‘F795’三季節果實經貯藏後,假種皮茄紅素為999.83 ~ 1580.97 μg·g-1 FW,β-胡蘿蔔素達136.44 ~ 295.38 μg·g-1 FW。‘17043’三季節果實經貯藏後,假種皮茄紅素為1433.34 ~ 1832.27 μg·g-1 FW,β-胡蘿蔔素達187.06 ~ 293.10 μg·g-1 FW。兩品系類胡蘿蔔素均以秋果最高。兩品系的夏、秋果,以53 DAP未熟果硬度高,且經貯藏後,類胡蘿蔔素含量與60 DAP成熟果相當,可有利於採後運輸或提早採收以調節供需。 兩品系木虌果假種皮的總酚含量與ABTS抗氧化力,隨成熟度與貯藏時間增加而上升,而鐵離子還原抗氧化力(FRAP)表現則以未成熟青果時的假種皮較高,隨成熟度與貯藏時間增加而下降。果肉總酚含量在貯藏過程中逐漸下降,ABTS與FRAP抗氧化力的表現趨勢則與假種皮的表現相同。臺灣原生種木虌果果實的色彩指標、果肉厚度、果肉硬度,對類胡蘿蔔素含量、酚類含量與抗氧化力有中度至高度相關,推薦可作為以性狀推估最適採收時機或加工原料品質的參考依據。 The gac fruits contained abundant carotenoids, and was an excellent source in our diet. This experiment adopted two indigenous varieties, ‘F795’ and ‘17043’, of gac in Taiwan as material and investigated the effect of season, fruit maturity, and storage duration on horticultural characteristics, functional components and antioxidant capacities in fruits. The fruit maturity was defined by days after pollination (DAP) in summer, autumn, and winter according to the suggestion from experienced researchers. The storage duration last for 20 days after harvest, and fruits were investigated every 5 days. The investigation included total fruit weight, component weight, color index, pulp thickness, pulp firmness, carotenoids in pulp and aril, ABTS, and FRAP antioxidant capacities. For two indigenous varieties, the hue angle, pulp thickness, pulp firmness in three seasons decreased as the maturity and storage duration increased. For ‘F795’ in summer, fruits harvested at 39, 46, 53, and 60 DAP required 6 to 12 days for coloration, while for ‘17043’, fruits harvested at 39, 46, 53, and 60 DAP required 5 to 18 days for complete coloration. For ‘F795’ in autumn, fruits harvested in different maturity were not ripe and required 3 to 12 days for complete coloration, while for ‘17043’, most harvested fruits required 12 to 13 days for coloration. For ‘F795’ in winter, harvested fruits needed 13 days for complete coloration, while for ‘17043’, harvested fruits needed 7 to 13 days for complete coloration. In summer, total weight of ‘F795’ fruits reached highest at 46 DAP (599.88 g), that of ‘17043’ reached highest at 53 DAP (550.68 g). The aril fresh weight of ‘F795’ and ‘17043’ reached highest at 53 DAP, which was 112.40 g and 111.08 g, respectively. In autumn, the total weight and aril fresh weight reached hightest at 39 DAP, which were 574.68 g, 115.64 g for ‘F795’, and 579.16 g, 121.00 g for ‘17043’. In winter, the total weight and aril fresh weight of ‘F795’ reached highest at 49 DAP, while those of ‘17043’ reached highest at 56 DAP. The carotenoids content of two varieties in three seasons significantly ascended as the maturity and storage duration inceased. The lycopene content in aril reached 999.83 to 1580.97 μg·g-1 FW, and the β-carotene content reached 136.44 to 295.38 μg·g-1 FW after storage for ‘F795’ in three seasons. For ‘17043’ in three seasons, the lycopene content reached 1433.34 to 1832.27 μg·g-1 FW, and the β-carotene content reached 187.06 to 293.10 μg·g-1 FW after storage. Among the three seasons, carotenoids content in ‘17043’ fruits was the highest. The unripe fruits at 53 DAP of two varieties in summer and autumn were firm, and after stoage, its carotenoids content rivaled ripen fruits at 60 DAP, indicating the suitability for transportation after harvest and harvesting in advance to meet the demand. The total phenolics content and ABTS antioxidant capacity of the aril ascended as the maturity and storage increased. FRAP antioxidant capacity performed higher in the aril of unripe fruits, its capacity descended as the maturity and storage duration increased. The total phenolics content in pulp decreased during storage, and the ABTS, FRAP antioxidant capacities in pulp behaved the same as those in the aril. The color index, pulp thickness, and pulp firmness were moderately to highly correlated with carotenoids contents, total phenolics content, and antioxidant capacities, suggesting that timing for processing could be estimated on the basis of these characteristics. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/59772 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202003302 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 園藝暨景觀學系 |
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