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標題: | 軟性、可塑形、可拉伸的碳基電子數位資訊儲存元件 Flexible, Moldable, and Stretchable Carbon-based Electrical Information Storage Devices |
作者: | Ying-Chih Lai 賴盈至 |
指導教授: | 陳永芳 |
共同指導教授: | 楊英杰 |
關鍵字: | 軟性電子,可拉伸電子,可塑形電子元件,可撓式電子,石墨烯,數位資訊儲存元件,可自附著, soft electronics,stretchable electronics,moldable electronics,flexible electronics,graphene,digital information storage devices,self-adhesive, |
出版年 : | 2014 |
學位: | 博士 |
摘要: | 超柔軟、可塑形、具彈性的軟性電子,由於其高自由度的優異機械性質,具有極大的應用潛力。軟性電子不同於傳統矽基電子的堅硬,其柔軟的特性使得軟性電子可以在各種物理形貌下正常使用,並且有潛力可以製作在各種基板,進而大幅拓展現在電子系統的應用範圍。為了達到完全可撓的軟性電子應用,除了可彎曲外,同時具有超柔軟、可變形、可伸縮等都是不可缺少的重要特性。在各式電子應用中,數位電子資訊儲存元件扮演極重要且關鍵的角色,因此,對於軟性電子資訊儲存元件的研發,也將帶領未來的軟性電子裝置走向更多有潛力的新興應用,並且將是未來軟性電子實際應用與數位化、資訊化的重要關鍵。
本論文將致力於研發新穎軟性電子資訊儲存元件,研究的內容將涵蓋超柔軟、可塑形、可伸縮、可堆疊且低耗能的軟、彈性電子資訊儲存元件,並且提出適合軟性電子模組的製程策略。論文先從可水溶液製程的石墨烯雙穩態記憶體開始,接著利用軟性石墨烯作為軟性電極,研發可轉移、可自附著且可塑形的超柔軟數位儲存元件,最後立基於我們提出的製程策略,開發新一代具有彈性、可伸縮的軟性電子資訊儲存元件。 論文的研究一方面研發各種新穎功能的軟性電子資訊儲存元件,並且發展更適合、更可行的軟性電子製程策略,其成果將可推展到其他軟性電子的應用;同時兼顧探究新一代軟性記憶體的物理操作機制。 此論文所研發超柔軟、可塑形、可伸縮的軟性電子資訊儲存元件,配合新開發的製程技術,所達成的研究成果將為未來新興軟性電子,包含可穿戴式電子裝置、超柔軟類紙型顯示器、人造電子皮膚、人體醫療感測與監控、生物驅動元件等應用電子,注入前瞻且重要的貢獻。其內容可簡要分作四個進程: 1. 可水溶液製程的低功率石墨烯雙穩態電阻式資訊儲存元件 傳統電子資訊儲存元件仍以快閃式記憶體為主,然而傳統矽基板上的快閃式記憶體,因為其複雜的結構、極差的機械性質,以及製作不易等問題,使得軟性記憶體的研發成為不可能的任務,因此研發簡化的結構與製程是重要的任務。在此研究成果,我們將製作出世界上第一個利用“水” 溶液低溫製程的石墨烯數位資訊儲存元件。此新穎的碳材電子記憶體,具有許多優異的特質,例如其利用水當作溶劑,可以有效降低有機溶劑的污染與對儀器的傷害,而其低成本的特性,也有助於未來大面積的軟性資訊儲存元件之開發,再者低功率的操作可助於軟性電子的操作。 2. 可貼、可轉移在各種表面及形貌的軟性可編程唯讀電子資訊儲存標籤 為了邁向超軟性電子資訊儲存元件,傳統的快閃記憶體的結構與製程方法已不能適用。在此研究中,我們研發了世界上第一個超軟性、可貼、可轉移、可堆疊的標籤式軟性可編程唯讀電子資訊儲存元件。 此超薄、超軟的可編程唯讀記憶體標籤具有許多獨特的優點:第一,它具有可以被轉貼在各種基板或表面上,並且正常操作,因此電子資訊儲存可以被大幅拓展到各種物體上。第二,可以轉移到各種基板上,其中也包含軟性電子元件、有機電子元件上等,因此能夠成功地避免軟性電子在製程上的困難,如溶劑腐蝕、不能高溫處理等瓶頸,本研究提供有效的方法,可以讓資訊儲存元件整合在軟性基板或有機電子模組中。第三,整個可轉移的軟性電子元件之製作過程是立基於傳統製程與設備上,更增加其可以實際應用的可能。第四,可轉移的特性,也增進了三維高密度軟性有機記憶體,以及多層軟性有機記憶體的發展。最後,所研發的軟性記憶標籤適用於滾輪式大面積製造,更符合低成本軟性記憶標籤的應用需求。 作者更展示了利用所提出的製程策略,可以簡單而有效地垂直整合有機電子元件,實現了有機二極體與有機記憶體垂直整合而成的整流性有機記憶體電子電路,且該方法可以推廣至其他有機電子元件,更是軟性電子與有機記憶體的重要進展。 這些成果成功突破現今電子儲存元件只能製作在堅硬或平坦基板上的限制,更拓展電子儲存元件在各種基板與表面的可能,而其製程方法亦將助於軟性電子垂直整合的發展。並且有利於製作軟性電子儲存元件在未來新興的軟性電子中,如可撓、可穿戴性電子與電子皮膚等的編碼應用。 3. 可複寫、可塑形、可自黏之軟性石墨烯電子資訊儲存元件 為了大幅拓展可塑形的軟性記憶體於未來商用軟性電子之應用,研發”可擦除”、”可重複編程”的軟性記憶體是必要的。為此,立基於前一個研究,我們設計了全新的操作機制,利用金屬橋梁與電流限制的操作原理,達成世界上第一個可寫入、可清除、可複寫的可塑形軟性記憶體元件。該可複寫的記憶體可以轉移到各種表面,如曲面、粗糙面等各式形貌,同時保持可複寫的資訊儲存功能。我們相信新一代“可複寫”的軟性記憶體標籤,利用其自由選擇基板、可自附著且可塑形在各種表面的能力,將最大化軟性記憶體的商業電子應用範圍,也將大幅增進軟性電子資訊儲存的發展。 4. 彈性、可伸縮的電子資訊儲存元件:邁向可學習、數位化的新一代可伸縮的電子應用 為了達成全可撓的軟性目標,未來電子元件勢必需要一定的彈性、可伸縮等特性,以應付彎曲後所受到的壓、 張應力。軟、彈性的電子應用需要將電子元件整合在彈性高分子基板上,然而,該高分子彈性基板不適用在高溫、高化學處理的製程,因此,在開發上面臨關鍵的瓶頸。立基於我們所研發出來的可貼、可轉移在各式基板的超軟性記憶體,可以輕鬆突破這個限制。其次,軟性電極是彈性電子元件的另一項必要要求,而論文中所開發出來的軟性電子資訊儲存元件,以石墨烯作為襯底與底電極,因此,可以克服軟性電極的要求。集結了所開發的超柔軟元件與製程策略,我們研發了世界上第一個具有軟、彈性的電子資訊儲存元件,該記憶體具有獨特波浪狀結構,實現了彈性、可伸縮等特性,其成果有利於未來可拉伸電子的應用,如電子皮膚、表皮電子、可穿戴式電子應用、電子紙、醫療電子、生物驅動元件等軟性電子的數位訊號儲存之發展。 關鍵字:軟性電子、可拉伸電子、可塑形電子元件、可撓式電子、石墨烯、數位資訊儲存元件、可自附著。 Abstract Soft electronic applications, including wearable computers, paper-like displays, artificial e-skins, epidermal electronics, biomedical sensors, and biological actuation, have advanced electronic systems to a brand-new class. Unlike traditional electronics that can be fabricated only on rigid and flat substrates, soft electronics are capable of functioning regardless of their geometric deformation and physical presentation. With the freedom in selecting desired substrates and surfaces, the applications of soft electronic devices can be significantly broadened in various areas. Moreover, to achieve fully flexible soft electronic applications, developing elastic and stretchable features for soft electronics is indispensable. In various types of digital electronics, information storage devices, such as programmable read-only memory and rewritable memory, are crucial and important components in modern and future “smart” electronic systems. In this dissertation, we have developed next-generation carbon-based soft electrical information storage devices with advanced functionalities, including flexible, transferable, moldable, stretchable, stackable, and low power features. These devices can function independently or can be integrated into flexible circuitry for diverse applications. We also present some useful fabrication strategies for future soft electronics. The operation mechanisms for the newly designed soft memory devices are also carefully explored. The results of this study should be very valuable for both academic and industrial applications. The highlights of our achievements are briefly described below. 1. Low operation voltage macromolecular composite memory assisted by solution-processable graphene nanoflakes The trend toward simple, low-temperature and large-area processing is one of the most important features of soft memory development. In the first part, electrical memory devices using solution-processable graphene are investigated, which serves as the first example of the direct integration of nanoscale graphene into memory devices through a one-step solution processing method. The resulting devices exhibit low operation voltages for writing and erasing, thus ensuring in low-power memory applications. The processes are based on a water solvent, which benefits eco-friendly roll-to-roll manufacturing. The results here provide a novel approach for graphene-based memory devices with excellent performance through a simple and water-solvent solution process. 2. Transferable and flexible write-once-read-many (WORM)-type memory label on arbitrary substrates with high performance and a facile methodology Fabricating functional electronics on desired substrates and surfaces can significantly broaden the applications of modern electronic devices. Herein, we present an innovative transferable and flexible label-like memory device that can function on arbitrary substrates and surfaces. The soft memory label exhibits a write-once-read-many times (WORM)-type memory feature and possesses numerous exceptional advantages. First, the presented WORM-type memory can operate normally regardless of its geometric forms and can simply transfer on desired universal substrates, including rigid, soft, curvy, non-planar, and rough ones. The advantage of freedom of selection for versatile substrates can greatly expand memory applications in diverse areas. Second, the transferable memory following well-established processes can be easily transferred onto desired substrates. Thus, the harsh synthesis and unfamiliar fabrication steps on non-conventional substrates can be avoided. Third, the transferability of the memory label to organic devices can minimize the possible solvent damage issue arising from traditional solution-phase techniques. This unique feature advances the development of 3D-stacked or multiple organic electronic modules. Finally, the presented approach is simple and suitable for roll-to-roll industrial manufacturing. Based on these achievements, the results can greatly promote the applications of memory devices in various applications and pave a smooth route for integrating memory devices in soft electronics. 3. Rewritable, moldable, and flexible sticker-type memory on universal substrates Rewritable memory devices are among the most important electronic elements in modern commercial electronics. In this part, we elaborate a brand-new operation mechanism and successfully demonstrate a renovated rewritable and moldable memory sticker. The second-generation electrical memory sticker possesses an unprecedented “erasable” and “rewritable” capability. With a graphene underlay, the rewritable memory sticker can be well molded on universal substrates through a facile and cost-effective strategy to function as a Flash-type memory. The new re-programmable sticker-type memory with the freedom of selection for substrates is believed to enlarge electrical memory devices in mass-practical fields and advance future commercial soft electronics. 4. Elastically stretchable information storage device: toward learnable and digitized stretchable electronic applications Based on previous results, a novel elastically stretchable electrical information storage device has been successfully developed by using buckled structures. The device can promote the development of future learned and digitalized stretchable electronics. The rippled stretchable memory with a graphene underlay shows a typical WORM-type memory feature. Even under repetitive stretching, the elastic information storage devices exhibited excellent electrical switching behaviors and memory effects. We believe the first proof-of-concept of the stretchable nonvolatile memory can significantly advance the development of information storage applications in various stretchable electronic applications, such as stretchable displays, wearable computers and artificial skins. Keywords:soft electronics, stretchable electronics, moldable electronics, flexible electronics, graphene, digital information storage devices, self-adhesive. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/58609 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 電子工程學研究所 |
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