垂直綠化上植栽構圖對降溫效果之影響

Abstract

隨著都市擴張可用於綠化的面積變得非常有限，而垂直綠化被視為增加都市綠化的捷徑。垂直綠化不僅能增加綠化空間，其對環境有諸多的效益如提升都市景觀美質、建物保護、減噪、淨化空氣等，其中更能改善日益嚴重的熱島效應。近年來垂直綠化技術日異更新下，綠化牆面上植栽的構圖配置越來越精緻化，進而提升都市景觀、增加地方資產價值，並隨著節能減碳議題的發燒垂直綠化的降溫效益越來越重視下，相關研究也表示植栽特性會影響降溫能力的表現，但未從構圖組合的觀點來看，因此本研究的目的在於釐清垂直綠化上構圖配置以及植栽特性與降溫效益之間的關係，有助於日後垂直綠化的建置發展， 實驗場地選擇國立臺灣大學造園館2樓平台，經由市面上的植生牆歸納出6種不同配置構圖進行建置，分別是幾何、幾何懸垂、曲線、曲線懸垂、無圖案、特殊造型，每組重複兩個。使用熱偶導線測量每座綠牆的建築表面溫度、建築室內溫度，每5分鐘紀錄一次。測量時間於103年4月至5月，資料分析選用11時至12時間之數據。 研究結果顯示，垂直綠化上不同構圖對建築物表面與室內溫度之降溫效果有顯著差異，其中特殊造型在表溫與氣溫降溫效果最佳。進一步分析構圖特性對建築物降溫之影響，結果顯示懸垂與紅葉覆蓋面積愈多、深綠葉覆蓋面積愈少對建築物表溫降溫效果愈好；在室內氣溫則是懸垂與紅葉覆蓋面積愈多、綠葉覆蓋面積愈多對建築物降溫效果愈好。

Due to urban sprawl, the green land is shrinking. The importance of urban greenery is increasingly being recognized by people in the regeneration of our cities. Vertical greening is thought as an effective way to increase urban green land, Vertical greening not only increase urban green land but also can improve beautification, reduce air pollution, sound insulation and especially mitigation of urban heat island effect. In recent years, under the vertical greening technology updates. The vertical greening planting more and more refined and thus enhance the urban landscape, estimate a value increase interval for a property. Vertical greening was under consideration until the concern of carbon reduction issue. Cooling efficiency has become an important topic of vertical greening, and have excellent shape configuration is the development trend of green wall. The aims of this study were to discuss the effects of different composition on green wall cooling and to examine different cooling effects of planting composition. The platform of National Taiwan University were chosen as the study site. Six kinds of configurations green wall were chosen as study, about geometry, geometry with overhang plant, curve, curve with overhang plant, no pattern, and special shape. The surface temperature and air temperature were recorded the average every 5 minutes. The daily data from 11 am to 12 am between April and May, 2014 were used. Results suggested that there were significantly different between the cooling effects of different composition, and the special shape composition had a best cooling effect. The effects of plant characteristics on cooling effect of the surface temperature and the air temperature were examined. Results suggested that increase covered area of red leaves and overhang, and less dark green leafy coverage area had positive surface temperature cooling effect significantly, and increase covered area of red leaves, overhang, green leafy coverage area had positive air temperature cooling effect significantly.