生物碳改質厭氧顆粒於葡萄糖發酵中產生的揮發酸：異物種間傳遞、批次發酵和顆粒群落變化

Abstract

近年來，隨著人口增加，越來越多的農業以及固體廢棄物出現，為了解決這些廢棄物的問題，傳統的解決方法是利用焚燒、掩埋或是堆肥，其中以焚燒的方式最為盛行，然而這會產生許多的問題，像是燃燒後的空氣污染以及二氧化碳或有毒氣體的排放。因此熱裂解似乎是個最佳的解答，因為它是在一個無氧的環境下燃燒進料，不僅沒有產生二氧化碳的排放，它所生成的產物還能夠作為更多應用，像是沼氣發電、生質油再煉或是生物碳的使用，這個模式是遵循自然的循環經濟，對環境也是友善的。 暗發酵是一個傳統的工程應用，主要是靠污泥在厭氧的環境，利用有機物進行產生生質氫以作為替代能源 —— 氫能的原料，隨著能源議題的盛行，越來越多文章專注在『含碳物質作用在厭氧消化上的影響』，但是較少的文章聚焦在生物碳對於暗發酵上的影響，因此，本次的實驗利用製造的生物碳應用在顆粒污泥上來看這兩個環保系統的結合能有什麼不一樣的發現。 此實驗的目的是研究利用不同的生物碳跟活性碳對於顆粒污泥進行連續分批葡萄糖發酵的過程。透過加入的碳修飾增強了葡萄糖的發酵，其中活性碳比生物碳更有效，可作為官能基之間的細胞載體和電子導體。揮發酸分佈在氫氣與二氧化碳消耗中發生了變化。生物膜的生長會影響發酵的機制，從而影響揮發酸的分佈。發酵菌和同型產乙酸菌通過直接種間電子轉移機制在生物炭表面上協同生長，可以解釋乙酸產量的增加。

Annually, there are more and more agricultural wastes and municipal solid wastes existing in the world. To solve the problem, traditional solutions, such as incineration, landfill, or composting are common to treat on the wastes. Especially, incineration is the main way treating on abundant of wastes. However, this might make several problems, for instance, air pollution after burning feedstocks, CO2 and hazardous chemicals emission. Therefore, pyrolysis might be the perfect solution, since it is in the oxygen-limited environment to prevent the CO2 emission. On the other hand, the end-products, such as bio-gas, bio-oil, and bio-char can do on different applications, resulting to the model of circular bio-economy and eco-friendly. The dark fermentation is the traditionally biological treatment on the sewage sludge to produce the bio-hydrogen on applying in the alternative energy. Recently, there are many studies focusing on “The effects of carbon-based materials on the anaerobic digestion”, but fewer studies paying attention on the dark fermentation. Therefore, this experiment uses biochars produced from pyrolysis process on the dark fermentation to see whether these two environmental systems can combine together and find any worthy observations. The aim of this experiment was to study on sequential batch fermentation of glucose with a biological consortium amended with nine different biochars and one activated carbon. The glucose fermentation was enhanced by carbon amendment, with activated carbon being more effective than biochars as cell carriers and electron conductors between functional species. The volatile fatty acid distributions were shifted in the consumption of the produced H2 and CO2. Biofilm growth affects the detailed mechanisms occurred in fermentation broth to the yielded volatile fatty acid distributions. The syntrophic growth of fermentative bacteria and homoacetogens on biochar surfaces via direct interspecies electron transfer mechanism was assumed to interpret the noted enhanced acetate production.