更生遊民復歸社會的歷程：返家路迢遙

Abstract

更生人與遊民同屬於飽受社會污名的群體，然而這兩者的關係似乎相當微妙。國外研究指出，更生人遭遇居住不穩定的狀況遠高於一般未有前科者，因此開始討論更生遊民的議題。台灣雖未有正式研究，然而在一些電視報導及相關報告中也發現確實有些更生人出監適應不良而成了遊民。基於對更生人如何變成遊民的好奇，本研究採用敘事研究探討更生遊民出監復歸社會的歷程，以4位曾經出監後而開始流浪或居住不穩定者（更生遊民）的生命故事出發，以第三人稱的口吻描述他們的生長背景，乃至後來犯罪、入監服刑及復歸社會的歷程。經分析討論後發現，受訪者的生命經驗皆為衰退的故事，其轉捩點多為入罪服刑。前科影響受訪者的生命深遠，雖然他們皆為法律明令的犯罪者，卻有著受害者的遭遇，而復歸社會歷程中遭遇許多阻力及助力。 依據研究發現與分析獲得以下結論： 一、藥物成癮者成為遊民的樣貌 （一）藥癮歷史、生長環境與家人關係 （二）毒癮的依賴性令開銷過大，以致於得從事非法工作以獲取鉅額報酬 （三）藥物成癮者向下螺旋的生活樣態 二、更生遊民再涉入犯罪事件的脈絡 三、復歸社會的四大阻力及三大助力

Being a homeless person is stigmatized because of visible presence. But being a homeless person with criminal record is even more stigmatized for his unlawful sin. Many studies indicated that ex-offenders, compared with non-offenders, experience higher risk of unstable living and homelessness. In Taiwan, over 50% of the homeless had criminal records. But, few studies have contributed to further understanding how homeless ex-offenders became homeless after they exited from jails. This study aims to explore how homeless ex-offenders reintegrated into communities and what kind of dynamics drew them into streets. To know how ex-offenders becoming homeless, the study used narrative research approach to data collecting. Four homeless ex-offenders, referred by outreach works, were in-depth interviewed. Results indicate that the ex-offenders becoming homeless is a long term process of downturn swirling. In the early developmental stage, the disadvantaged environment they grew up has contributed to their first unlawful acts such as drug use or thefts. However, it was the continued unlawful acts and imprisonment times that brought them away from their families and friends. Finding a place to live for the nights became more difficult after they got out of jail. Obstacles and strengths are found in the process of their re-entries. As follows: 1. The process that drug-abusers become homelessness. (1)History of drug-abuse, living environment and family relationship. (2)To meet addiction to adopt illegal ways earing money. (3)The wandering life of drug-abuser presents downward spiral of survival. 2. The context of homeless ex-offender involving crime events. 3. Four obstacles and three strengths in the process of their re-entries.