矯正用迷你骨釘之表面改質—不同鍍膜方法製備二氧化鈦薄膜於316L不鏽鋼基材之研究

Abstract

隨著矯正領域中骨性錨定的盛行,近年來有許多針對矯正用迷你骨釘的研 究,包括幾何形狀、材質或表面形貌的改質,期待能夠增加迷你骨釘的臨床使用 成功率。本研究從臨床的角度出發,希望針對台灣市面上盛行316L不銹鋼矯正骨 釘的較高失敗率做改善,主要的研究目的在不改變316L不銹鋼本質的前提下進行 表面改質,鍍上二氧化鈦的生物陶瓷膜,期待能提供物理性屏障提升抗腐蝕性並 與周圍骨頭有產生骨整合的可能,提高其生物相容性與骨整合能力,進而提升臨 床使用成功率。 本實驗選用316L不鏽鋼板來進行表面鍍膜作業,希望找出具有最佳機械性質 表現的鍍膜參數。本實驗的變數含以下三項:1. 鍍膜方式,以電子束蒸鍍法和溶 膠凝膠法方式製成二氧化鈦薄膜,2. 鍍膜厚度,選擇比較的厚度範圍為30~500 nm,3. 表面粗糙度。薄膜製成後,以場發射電子微探分析儀與X光繞射分析儀分 析薄膜表面組成與晶相,以場發射與掃瞄式電子顯微鏡觀察薄膜表面與截面,以 彩色三維雷射掃瞄儀分析薄膜表面粗糙度,並藉由刮痕測試機評估各種鍍膜參數 下的薄膜附著性,最後將所有結果與先前以磁控濺鍍鍍製的結果25作一綜合的比較。 實驗結果顯示:磁控濺鍍,離子束助鍍之電子束蒸鍍或溶膠凝膠法皆可製作 品質良好,結構緻密的二氧化鈦薄膜,其中磁控濺鍍鍍製薄膜附著性最好,並可 得金紅石結晶相,溶膠凝膠法鍍製薄膜附著性次之,高溫退火可得銳鈦礦結晶相, 電子束蒸鍍法鍍製薄膜附著性相對較差,且為無結晶相之二氧化鈦。薄膜附著性 隨厚度增加而增強,而鍍膜後試片表面的粗糙度並無明顯改變。

With the advances of dental implants, temporary skeletal anchorage devices have now become established orthodontic anchorage aids and launched a new era for clinical orthodontic therapy. In recent years, numerous publications have investigated multiple factors affecting success rates of orthodontic mini-screws, such as shape design, material science, or surface topography. The success rate of 316L stainless steel orthodontic miniscrews was found to be lower than titanium alloy, and our research goal was to make surface modification by coating a TiO2 thin film on 316L stainless steel, which aimed to improve the biocompatibility and induce osseointegration. The 316L stainless steel plates were used in this study to test mechanical conditions. The experimental variables were included as follow: 1. Coating methods : ion-beam assisted electron beam evaporation and sol-gel method for titanium;2 Coating thickness, ranging from 30 to 500 nm; 3. Surface roughness. The composition and crystalline phase were analyzed by Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction analyzer (XRD). The surface and cross-section of films were examined by scanning electron microscope. And the color three-dimensional laser scanning analyzer was used to analyze the surface roughness of films. Finally, the film adhesion under various coating parameters was evaluated by a scratch test machine. Besides, all the data would compare with the previous results of magnetron sputtering and produce a comprehensive view of those results. The study results showed that TiO2 thin film with good quality and dense structure can be coated on 316L stainless steel by magnetron sputtering, electron beam evaporation, and sol-gel method. The magnetron sputtering can produce best results regarding to film adhesion and crystallization structure. The sol-gel method also could produce thin film with good adhesion property and crystallization structure after rapid thermal annealing. However, the ion-beam assisted electron beam evaporation can produce thin film with dense structure, but the adhesion property was poorer than magnetron sputtering and sol-gel method. Besides, the film thickness played an important role in the adhesion property, and the surface roughness was not altered by the coating.