淺層溫能結合太陽能風力發電系統於淨零耗能植物工廠之應用

Abstract

植物工廠指的是一個封閉或半封閉的高品質蔬菜生長系統，這個系統透過全人工的方式來控制植物生長參數，控制的參數包含：水、光、溫度、濕度以及二氧化碳濃度，所以植物工廠需要高初始建造成本與操作成本，操作成本主要為植物工廠照明與空調的電能消耗。有許多文獻致力於研究如何減少植物工廠電能消耗，但是很少文獻考慮到使用再生能源來取代植物工廠中的傳統空調系統與供電系統。因此，本研究提出一種創新的方法：結合筏基熱交換系統與混合獨立型太陽能風力發電系統對植物工廠進行控溫與供電，打造一座完全使用再生能源運作的零耗能植物工廠。 本研究利用計算流體力學軟體ANSYS Icepak建立室內整體降溫模型與植物工廠層架局部降溫模型，完成全年春夏秋冬的系統運轉性能預測，提出三種植物工廠散熱設計方案。與傳統空調機相較之下，模擬結果發現，引進淺層溫能的散熱設計可以達到相近的冷卻能力，低功率的水冷設備更能大幅降低空調電能消耗，室內整體降溫設計的節能效率高達93.5%，植物工場局部降溫設計上，使用散熱風扇進行強制對流冷卻的節能效率高達79.7%，使用風機盤管進行強制對流冷卻的節能效率為23.4%。 本研究所得到的溫度模擬數據，對淨零耗能植物工廠系統的環境溫度狀況提供有效的預測，可以做為未來實驗進行時的參考依據。最後，於文末提出太陽能風力發電系統性能測試數據，以及淨零耗能植物工廠系統的成本效益分析結果。

Plant factory refers to a closed or semi-closed high-quality growing system for vegetables. The system cultivates vegetables through artificial control of water, light, temperature, moisture, and carbon dioxide concentration, so it requires high initial construction and operation costs. The operation costs are mainly due to the electricity consumption of lighting and air-conditioning. Past research have done much work on reducing plant factory’s electricity consumption, however, little have considered replacing traditional air-conditioning system with renewable energy or constructing an power system for plant factory. This research innovated a new method to build up net-zero plant factory (NZPF) - by combining mat foundation heat exchanger (MFHE) system and stand-alone hybrid solar-wind (SASW) power system. Performance prediction was conducted by ANSYS Icepak - a novel computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation software, including: two cooling models (basement model and plant factory model), three cooling designs, of four seasons. Both parts’ performance tests were anticipated to be accomplished yearend. First part’s prediction results demonstrated that cooling capacities were identical in both traditional air-conditioning system and mat foundation heat exchanger system. Namely, the latter’s energy conservation benefits analysis displayed that: (1) power consumption of air-conditioning system can be reduced by low-power water cooling apparatus, (2) basement model (indoor environment global cooling model) can achieve its energy conservation efficiency up to 93.5% (3) plant factory model (local cooling model) can achieve its energy conservation efficiency to 23.4% (with jointed fan coil) and up to 79.7% (with forced convection with cooling fan). Temperature simulation data in this study is predictive to a NZPF’s environment temperature, laying foundation to future experiments. Finally, solar-wind power system’s performance test and its experimental data is shown in the end of chapter 4. The net-zero energy plant factory’s cost-benefit analysis presented its payback period as 16.6 years.