台灣聚落的拓樸空間文化研究

Abstract

社會科學研究中，有許多學科都陸續發展各種計量模式與數學語言來輔助質性研究，以期更為精準的呈現出多元而複雜的人文社會現象，在空間研究領域也是如此。目前聚落研究多以文字描述為主，對於聚落中複雜且抽象深層空間結構與社會結構關係，常有難以全面性完整呈現之苦。為了揭露台灣聚落所隱含的空間文化現象，本研究提出一個以拓樸理論為基礎的研究方法，探討台灣傳統聚落中的空間與社區生活的內在關聯。研究過程中，發現空間語法的空間定義對於說明台灣聚落的文化性尚有侷限，因此，從基礎的拓樸概念重新進行空間研究後，提出新的定義，界定空間。 在檢視空間語法的｢深度｣及｢步數｣的觀念後，本研究提出｢飽和度｣的概念，來分析聚落空間結構，我們發現飽和的概念可以做為評估空間元素的依據，其中我們可以識別中心區域與邊緣區域，開放空間與私密空間與關鍵通路，以及聚落中的次領域，同時重新展開對聚落空間文化的認識。 本研究以台中縣外水尾社區及台北市芳蘭社區等二個台灣本土聚落為案例分析對象。除了透過調查訪談及紀錄，以瞭解社區生活外，本研究並根據地形圖，分析其空間拓樸結構的飽和度，指認出聚落的中心與邊緣，以及聚落空間形式與社會文化的邏輯關係。

Social scientists have been continually developed various quantitative and mathematical linguistic methods to supplement qualitative researches in order to reveal the diverse and complex humanity social phenomenon more precisely, so as in spatial research field. In order to reveal the hidden relationship in Taiwanese settlements, this study proposes a research method upon the theory of topology, and probes into the internal correlation between the space of traditional settlements in Taiwan and community life. During the research process, it is found that the spatial definition of space syntax has its limitation in the culture of settlements in Taiwan. Thus, based on the spatial re-study from the basic topological concepts, new definition has been proposed to define the topological space. After reviewing the depth and step of space syntax, this study further proposes the concept of “saturation” to analyze the spatial structure of settlements. It is found that the concept of saturation, which is suggested by this research, is a new possibility to identify the centrality, peripheral regions, public place, private place, key gateways, and sub-regions in settlements, recognize the central and marginal relation of the settlements and re-explore the spatial culture of the settlements. This study treats Waishuiwei community of Taichung County and Fanglan community of Taipei City as the targets of local settlements. Besides the interview and record for recognizing the community life, this study also analyzes the saturation of topological structure according to topographic chart, and suggests the centrality and peripherality of the settlements and the logic relation between the spatial pattern and social culture of the settlements.