長期照護機構住民活躍老化之質性初探-以北部某長期照護機構為例

Abstract

中文摘要 背景與目的： 不論是全球還是台灣都已面臨因「人口結構高齡化」而到來的高齡化問題，其在人口社會問題上是具有急迫性的；而在台灣方面，65 歲以上老年人口的門診與住院花費，超過全部人口醫療花費的三分之ㄧ。如何積極因應老化所伴隨的負面效應，使國民，充分融入及參與社會，並能更健康活躍地進入老年，並降低對醫療服務與社會資源的衝擊，是當今世界各國重要課題之一。WHO於2002年更提出對保護健康與維持安適政策的名詞：”active ageing”（活躍老化），且此名詞已變成全球與全國老化政策發展的核心。因此，本研究目的由WHO（2002）所提出活躍老化的架構，以長照住民的主觀感受為出發點，比較過去與現況，以瞭解台灣地區長期照護機構住民對活躍老化的看法與觀點，以提供業界與學界規劃老人未來生活之參考。 研究方法： 本研究的研究對象為某私立安養機構的長者共27人，工作人員共4人，主要目的在探討長照住民對活躍老化的看法與觀點，共舉辦4場焦點團體座談會與4場深度訪談。 研究結果： 安養中心長者活躍老化的因素以活動進行為主要的活躍因素，其次依序 為調劑身心、社會事務的參與、運動與打發時間、學習、宗教信仰、關愛與付出以及心理部份。而以工作人員角度對安養中心長者活躍老化的因素以宗教信仰為主要的因素、其他依序為活動、人際關係、心理因素。 建議： 依據本研究結果，提出下列建議：（1）建議長期照護機構的醫療服務提供者設置老人科降低長者行動不適而舟車勞頓的情形。（2）建議長者培養一件或二件興趣，並在日常生活中持之以恆去發展，以增進主動積極的態度與生活方式，並藉此使生活有重心，降低對老化相關的負向想法。（3）多舉辦幾次戶外郊遊，不僅增加活動的機會並藉以聯絡長者間彼此的情誼，以擴大社會網絡，強化社會支持系統。

ABSTRACT Background and purpose： Whether global or Taiwan have been facing the “aging population structure” and the arrival of the aging problem in the population with social issues of urgency. In Taiwan, out-patient and hospitalization costs of the elderly population aged over 65 are more than one-third of medical spending of the total population. How active aging associated with the negative effects, so that citizens, fully integrated into and participate in society and more active into old age health and medical services and reduce the impact of social resources is an important issue in the world today. WHO also proposed in 2002, to protect the health and well-being policy, the term: 'active ageing', and this term has become a global and national policy development in the heart of aging. Therefore, the purpose of this study by ,WHO (2002), the structure of active aging to long according to the subjective feelings of the residents as the starting point to compare the past and the present situation in order to understand the opinions of long-term care residents in Taiwan on the active aging to provide fields and the academic planning of future reference to the elderly. Research method: This qualitative study adopted purposive sampling. This study is based on the focus groups and discussing with 27 old people participants who lived in the residential care home .In-depth interviews were used to collect data from 4 workers , and proceeded focus group by 4 and individual face to face interview by 4, to realize the subject opinions with active aging by long-term care residents in Taiwan. Findings: Active aging factor of residential care home is activity, others are to swap the physical and psychological, social affairs, sports and kill time, learning, religion, and psychological care and pay a part of. And to staff in terms of elderly nursing home to an active factor in the aging of religious belief as the main factor, followed by other activities, interpersonal relationships and psychological factors. Recommendations: Based on the results of this study, makes the following recommendations: (1) The proposed long-term care facility medical service providers to reduce the geriatric set is not applicable for senior citizens and the case of trouble. (2) the proposed elderly foster interest in one or two, and perseverance in their daily lives to the development of initiatives to promote a positive attitude and way of life, and to make the focus of life, reduction of aging-related negative thoughts. (3) more often and several outdoor picnic, not only the opportunity to increase their activities and to contact each other's friendship among the elderly in order to expand social networks, and strengthen social support systems.