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標題: | 法國對「歐盟對中武器解禁」政策之研究 (2003至2010) Analysis of France’s Policy toward the Lifting of the EU Arms Embargo on China (2003-2010) |
作者: | Lise Colette Camille Darbas 戴麗思 |
指導教授: | 陳世明(Shih-min Chen) |
關鍵字: | 歐盟,歐盟武器禁運,中法關係,法國外交政策,解禁,國家利益,多極化, EUROPEAN UNION,EU ARMS EMBARGO,SINO-FRENCH RELATIONS,FRENCH’S FOREIGN POLICY,LIFTING,NATIONAL INTEREST,MULTIPOLARITY, |
出版年 : | 2011 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本論文分析法國對於「歐盟對中武器解禁」之政策,研究範圍包括自2003年至2010年席哈克與薩科奇的法國對中外交政策。歐盟是否該解禁自1989年6月天安門事件後實施的對中武器禁運政策,在歐盟成員內以及歐盟與美國、中國、台灣和日本之間已引發諸多爭論。歐盟對中武器禁運政策已影響了中國與歐洲之間的經濟交流,因此法國與德國率先提出解除禁運的計畫,而此解禁議案卻也造成2003年底至2005年中歐盟與美國的關係摩擦。歐盟對中武器禁運議題被擱置了5年,直至在2010年1月底,西班牙首相José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero擔任歐盟主席期間才再次提出討論解除禁令。
本研究顯示席哈克與薩科奇總統皆為了法國的國家利益而支持歐盟對中武器解禁,忽略對於人權問題或東亞區域安全困境的關注,是為了法國的國家利益。兩位總統對美國與中國分別採行不同的外交政策方向,以回應在伊拉克戰爭和全球金融危機後全球權力平衡的變化。在法國外交政策立場上,席哈克與薩科奇皆支持戴高樂主義的傳統,但兩人對外交關係具有不同的利益與途徑。美國與中國試圖利用經濟槓桿和歐盟缺乏領導,去影響歐洲國家有關禁運政策的決定。歐洲國家形成兩個陣營:以法國和德國為首的「支持解禁」陣營,以及以北歐和東歐國家為首的「反解禁」陣營,該陣營被認為受美國所遊說影響。 本論文的第一個部分著重以現實主義來分析法國對「歐盟對中武器解禁」政策。本研究透過現實主義論證,在中美相對權力轉移所構成的全球秩序中,法國外交政策是法國致力於在全球秩序中保持其大國地位的結果。此外,第二個部分討論在天安門事件後歐盟武器禁運的起源,以及2003年之前的法國對中政策。第三個部分著重席哈克的外交政策,席哈克為改善中法關係,並制衡美國霸權,在伊拉克戰爭爆發後,帶頭呼籲解除武器禁運。第四個部分著重薩科奇的外交政策,薩科奇致力於恢復跨大西洋關係,並定位法國為「西方家庭」的親密成員,因此就任後對中國採取了較少的和解政策。不過,在全球金融危機時,為了確保中國能參與協助穩定世界經濟,薩科奇不得不調整此戰略。同時為了促進法國對中經濟利益,薩科奇仍勉強帶頭支持解除武器禁運政策。本研究的結論則對席哈克與薩科奇的禁運立場進行比較,並總結本論文的研究發現。本論文有關法國外交政策的現實主義實證分析,嘗試釐清哪些因素影響席哈克與薩科奇的中國武器禁運政策決定。 This study analyzes France’s policy toward the EU arms embargo on China, in the context of French foreign policy toward China during the Chirac and Sarkozy periods from 2003 to 2010. The issue of whether or not to lift the EU’s arms embargo on China, which was implemented after the Tiananmen Square crackdown in June 1989, has been a point of contention among the EU members and between the EU and the United States, China, Taiwan and Japan. The issue has affected economic exchanges between Europe and China; a plan to lift the embargo, led by France and Germany, caused friction between EU and the United States between late 2003 and mid-2005. Serious discussion of the issue was shelved for five years until Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodriguez Zapatero raised the question of lifting the ban during his presidency of the EU at the end of January 2010. This research shows that Jacques Chirac and Nicolas Sarkozy have both supported lifting the EU arms embargo on China for the sake of France’s national interest instead of considering human rights issues or the security dilemma in the East Asia region. The two presidents pursued different foreign policy directions toward the United States and China in response to shifts in the global balance of power caused by the Iraq War and the global financial crisis. Both Chirac and Sarkozy supported the Gaullist tradition in France’s foreign policy but the two leaders had different interests and approaches to foreign relations. The U.S. and China have attempted to exploit economic leverage and the lack of leadership within the EU to influence the European states on their decision regarding the embargo. Two camps formed between the European states: the “pro-lifting” camp led by France and Germany, and the “anti-lifting” camp led by the Nordic countries and East European countries influenced by US lobbying. The first section of this study outlines the realist approach to analyzing France’s policy toward the EU arms embargo on China. This approach explains French policy as the result of France’s efforts to retain its great power status in a global order characterized by relative power shifts between the United States and China. Then, the second part discusses the origins of the EU arms embargo following the Tiananmen Square crackdown and French policy toward China before 2003. The third part focuses on the foreign policy of Jacques Chirac. Following the outbreak of the Iraq War, Chirac took the lead in calling for a lifting of the arms embargo as part of his efforts to improve ties with China and counterbalance US hegemony. The fourth section focuses on Nicolas Sarkozy’s foreign policy. Upon taking office, Sarkozy took a less conciliatory policy toward China as he worked to restore transatlantic relations and define France as a close member of the “Western family.” However, he had to temper this strategy in order to secure China’s help in stabilizing the world economy during the global financial crisis. While continuing to support the lifting of the arms embargo in order to advance France’s economic interests with China, Sarkozy was unwilling to take a lead on the issue. The concluding section compares Chirac and Sarkozy’s positions toward the EU arms embargo on China and summarizes the findings of this study. This realist examination of France’s policy sheds light on the factors which influenced Chirac’s and Sarkozy’s decisions regarding the EU arms embargo on China. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/35773 |
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