安居的沉吟：魏晉「閒（閑）居」賦作析探

Abstract

板蕩擾動、兵馬倥傯的魏晉時期，「安居」的渴求對於諸多文士來說，成為了心嚮往之的追尋，文士們化情思為文字，在以「居止」為主題的文學作品裡搬唱著「安居」的詠歎。這從漢魏曹植（192-232）〈閒居賦〉，西晉潘岳（247-300）〈閑居賦〉，到東晉庾闡（294?-347?）的〈閑居賦〉，可以發見一系列的「居止」書寫主題與「閒（閑）居」面貌展演。本論文首先針對研究價值（詩意存有、安居何處的提問）、理論運用（中、西理論的相互為用）與論文架構作一概述；其二，考論先秦兩漢的「居止」意義，以作為魏晉「閒（閑）居」賦作研究的前導；其三、將前述三篇〈閒（閑）居賦〉分立章目進行個別的深入探究，以凸出曹植在出入的間際所生成的無由困頓，潘岳以「拙者」身分施展權力以居坐「中心」、擁攬自家園宅的情態，以及庾闡藉遠遊玄理測度閒居京郭的意趣；最末章，則自三篇文本之間彼我酬和的關係、青陽熙春的時令展示、居中寓遊的樣態、地方之感的扮裝四個議題，進行綜合性討論。藉由如此的研究進程，得以區辨「閒（閑）居」、「靜居」、「隱居」之別，並從三篇〈閒（閑）居賦〉掘發出魏晉文士或殊異、或共向的「閒（閑）居」書寫，及其所形塑的豐富「居止」樣態。

In the Wei and Jin Dynasties, the disasters of wars came in a continuous succession. Many literati sought to capture the lifestyle living and some wrote their ideas down in Fu賦 at this time. From “Rhapsody on the Idle Life” (Xian ju fu閒居賦) of Cao Zhi曹植(192-232) in Han and Wei Periods漢魏時期, Xian ju fu閑居賦 of Pan Yue潘岳(247-300) in Western Jin西晉, and Xian ju fu閑居賦 of Yu Chan庾闡(294?-347?) in Eastern Jin東晉, there was a series of works of literature with the theme of living (Ju-zhi 居止). In this master’s thesis, the author analyzes three pieces of Xian ju fu in the following ways: First, the author describes the research method and brief outline. Second, as the basis of the research groundwork, the meanings of Ju-zhi in Ancient China are discussed. Third, the author interprets the selected texts of Xian ju fu one by one. This shows Cao Zhi’s difficult position between coming in and going out, Pan Yue’s central place, and Yu Chan’s mobile super-natural place. Last, the author provides a comprehensive discussion on the intextural relation in the texts, the spring scene, the living including the travelling, and the experience of place among above texts. In conclusion, the author distinguishes Xian ju from Jing ju靜居and Yin ju隱居. These three kinds of living styles in Xian ju fu are also described in the sixth chapter. Furthermore, the appearance of Xian ju written by literati in the Wei and Jin Dynasties will be re-valued.