新竹縣國小六年級學生之體位分布及相關因素探討

Abstract

體位與健康有密切的關係，如過重容易引起糖尿病、高血壓和心血管病等慢性疾病；過輕則會降低抵抗力而容易感染疾病。兒童時期不正常的體位是成年期罹患與營養相關的慢性疾病之危險因子。為瞭解新竹縣國小六年級學生體位之分布，並進一步探討與體位相關之因素，利用九十四學年度第一學期新竹縣共81所公立小學之學生（3752位男生及3414位女生）的身高與體重資料，及學校提供的基礎資料進行分析。結果發現，在新竹縣的鄉鎮市中，體重過輕之比率以「市」最高，為18.41％（男女生分別為15.13%、21.84%）；肥胖之比率以「鎮」最高，為17.92%（男女生分別為20.54%、15.20%）。經多變項統計分析後發現，只有學校環境因素中之校園遊樂設備項數會影響學生的體位分布。因此，建議教育單位應同時重視國小學生體位過輕及過重的問題；為避免學生過重或肥胖，建議在校園內多設置遊樂設備。

Body Mass Index (BMI) is closely associated with a person’s health. Overweight is usually causing chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular problems, while underweight easily causes malfunction of immune system. Having abnormal body mass in childhood is a risk factor for having nutrition-related chronic diseases in adulthood. In order to understand the distribution of the sixth graders’ BMI and related factors, data of height and weight of 7,166 sixth graders (3,752 boys and 3,414 girls) in 81 public elementary schools in Hsinchu County were used for secondary data analysis. Data of school profile were also analyzed. The highest rate of underweight (18.41%) was found for children living in city (15.13% for boys and 21.84% for girls). The highest rate of obesity (17.92%) was found for children living in towns (20.54% for boys and 15.20% for girls). Only one of the factors of school environment, the number of equipments in school playgrounds, was significantly related to the distribution of BMI. It was suggested that both issues of underweight and overweight of the sixth graders should be concerned by the educational agencies. Besides, it was also suggested to establish more equipments of playgrounds in school campus.