薔薇纏繞十字架：BL閱聽人文化研究

Abstract

本研究回顧了過去台灣所有關於少女漫畫中的BL（Boy’s Love）漫畫之相關文獻，再度肯定以BL漫畫而非同性戀漫畫作為分類指稱的重要性。並以深度訪談作為取徑，試圖描繪出BL閱聽人的明確樣貌。訪談結果透過受訪者生命史（life history）的方式呈現，BL閱讀經驗為經，性別與生命經驗為緯。由於過去關於BL的文獻對於讀者性別意識的討論並不充分，因此本研究特別提出四個研究問題，針對BL閱聽人的性別意識與生命經驗進行探詢，包括：（一）誰是BL讀者？詢問並整理BL讀者的性別認同與性傾向；（二）BL讀者的生命經驗與性別意識；（三）BL讀者閱讀BL文本的快感來源；（四）BL漫畫閱讀的意義的再生。 本研究發現，台灣的女性BL讀者並非如過去研究所指出的皆為異性戀，而是由異性戀者與雙性戀者共同組成。男性BL讀者不止的確存在，並且在性向（sexuality）上與女性讀者較為不同，他們不是雙性戀就是同性戀。女性BL讀者對於社會性別（gender）所可能包含的女性氣質（femininity）假設明確表達了反感。我們看到的是一群勇於挑戰性別刻板印象與異性戀結構的女性，她們拒絕被視為如同一般異性戀文本所描述的女性形象——柔弱、依賴、無法成就大事的弱者，也厭倦總是一再被挑剔身材與容貌不夠符合時下的審美標準。 女性BL讀者閱讀BL不只是因為可以看到與傳統不同的男生，同時又可以避免自己再度在畫面中成為被消費的視覺對象。更重要的是，BL提供了女性讀者一個關於「公平世界」的想像——平起平坐的愛情關係，各自擁有專業或特長的兩人，平等展開互動。這看似簡單的公平世界是傳統異性戀通俗文本中找不到的。男性BL讀者不太喜歡看嚴肅的同志文學，因為那對於已在其中的人來說太過苦澀。BL與現實背離的夢幻氣息，對男性讀者來說反而是喘息的窗口。男性BL讀者意外地重視對於愛情的描述，BL中對於愛情的細膩描繪比起性愛場面更能吸引他們。他們瞭解許多BL文本是由女性執筆，從女性的想像出發，因此與自己真實的生活不完全相同，但這並不是值得困擾的問題，他們認為這無傷大雅。 女性BL讀者無論是異性戀或雙性戀，都傾向於接受性別並非二元的想法，也透過BL閱讀而更能體會並且同理男同志的處境。她們不僅只是閱讀BL取樂，也試圖透過其他方式與同志互動，譬如閱讀同性戀雜誌，到同志酒吧探險，參加同志大遊行等等。從這方面看來，她們的確經歷了「酷兒時刻」（queer moments）。BL已經為這些女性種下了反叛的種子，只等待萌芽的時機。儘管如此，主流價值仍然企圖以各種方式收編逸出體制之外的BL讀者，這可以從BL網路社群內部制訂規約禁止某些發言略窺一二。

The research starts with review of literatures on BL (Boy’s Love) in girls’ manga in Taiwan. It is found that BL, as a unique genre, does not feature description of homosexual relationships. In addition, it is attempted to find shared characteristics in BL audience through in-depth Interview, results ff which are demonstrated in form of history, which is mainly composed of BL reading experiences, gender consciousness, and life experience. Since existing literatures do not included enough discussions on gender consciousness of the audience, four research questions concerning BL audience are raised in the research: 1. Gender identity and sexuality 2. Life experiences and gender consciousness 3. Source of satisfaction in reading BL 4. and recreating of BL reading meaningfulness. In past researches, it is inferred that there are only heterosexual female BL audience, and no male ones. However, it is found in this research that female BL audience in Taiwan are not all heterosexual. Instead, there are also bisexual ones. furthermore, there are indeed male BL audience in Taiwan, either bisexual or homosexual. It is clear that female BL audience are against femininity in their gender. With description of life experience and gender consciousness, these female audience are demonstrated as challenging gender stereotype and heterosexuality structure. They refuse to be defined as weak, dependent losers, and are tired of being criticized on their look. Female BL audience love BL stories not only because they can see unconventional male characters, but also because they could avoid being gazed as in heterosexual stories. The most important thing is, BL enables the audience to imagine a “world of fairness”, in which two persons interact with each other without anyone of them being socially, professionally or economically superior or inferior to the other. This utopian situation is missing in present pop heterosexual stories. As for male audience, they do not prefer typical gay stories, which are too bitter for them. Thus, unrealistically romantic atmosphere in BL serves as an escape from reality. Surprisingly, male audience view highly of romance, and romantic scenes seem to be more appealing to them than sexy ones. Knowing that BL is mainly created by females and thus based on female imaginations, they are aware that what they read is unrealistic, but do not find it intriguing. Heterosexual or bisexual, female BL audience tend to accept that there are more than two genders existing, and learn to sympathize with gays and lesbians. Reading BL for fun, they also try to interact with gays in real life. Thus, we can say that they do have “queer moments” when reading BL. BL has implanted in these audience seeds of gender rebellion, which have not yet budded. However, dominant values still attempt to confine unconventional audience of BL, with some BL community prohibiting certain types of topics posted on the Internet.