跨國婚姻中婦女勞動參與之分析

Abstract

自九○年代起，台灣男性興起一陣遠赴大陸或東南亞地區娶妻的風潮，跨國婚姻因此儼然成為台灣社會最熱門的新興話題。有鑒於現有跨國婚姻的研究，多由非台灣籍配偶觀點分析其在台生活可能面臨到的心理與社會適應問題，較少論及勞動參與的議題，加上以往研究和媒體報導雖強調非台灣籍配偶在台就業遭受邊緣化的困境，卻也缺乏大規模實證性資料予以佐證。有鑑於此，本研究分析內政部92年「外籍與大陸配偶生活狀況調查」資料，試圖瞭解國內跨國婚姻家庭勞動參與現況。本研究主要研究目的共有兩個:（一）根據夫妻勞動參與類型，說明個人或家庭特質、區域分佈在各類型的分佈情形，並分析影響夫妻勞動參與類型的相關因素。（二）由非台灣籍婦女勞動參與現況描述其基本特性分佈，並分析影響她們勞動參與的相關因素。 研究結果發現，「丈夫有工作，妻子無工作」是目前跨國婚姻家庭最主要的勞動參與方式。丈夫具55歲以上或健康限制等不利就業特質，夫妻勞動參與類型較可能出現丈夫無工作的傾向。在妻子勞動參與部份，東南亞顯然比大陸籍妻子更可能出現有工作的傾向 ，而凸顯法規對大陸或東南亞籍配偶不同的就業規定，的確侷限大陸籍妻子就業的可能性。法規限制是影響非台灣籍婦女在台就業的關鍵因素，當婦女順利通過法律審核得以進入國內勞動市場時，影響其勞動參與的層面其實與一般婦女無異，來自家庭特質或居住地區方面的影響相當程度決定了她們所能從事的工作特性。與一般婦女不同的地方在於，台灣對非台灣籍婦女而言是個全然陌生的新環境，所以初期這群婦女若有強烈的工作需求，較可能扮演協助丈夫工作的角色，或是仰賴丈夫就業網絡找到可行的工作機會。

Since the 90’s, cross-border marriages had became the most popular issue in Taiwan. As a result of other cross-border marriages’ researches less used mass data to explain about wife’s labor participation issues, this study intended to use 2003 Survey of Foreign and Mainland Chinese Spouses Living Conditions to analyze the specific phenomenon. The purposes of this study were: (1) to classify couple’s employment patterns and to examine the effect of personal or domestic characteristics, inhabited area on these patterns,(2) to describe the characteristics of wife’s labor participation and to examine the correlative factors that how to affect their employment status. The results showed that “only husband work” was the major one of couple’s employment patterns. Husband whose age was older then fifty-five years old or whose health was not good, it’s possible that he maybe not work in our labor market.To compare the difference in labor participation rate between South-Eastern and Mainland Chinese spouses, South-Eastern spouses’ labor participation rate was higher then Mainland Chinese spouses as a result of Taiwan’s right-to-work legislation was not friendly to Mainland Chinese spouses. Right-to-work legislation was the most important factor to influence whether non-Taiwanese spouses can work in Taiwan labor market or not. If they had the right to work, the effect of domestic characteristics or inhabited area will affect their employment status. Because Taiwan was a strange area for these non-Taiwanese spouses, in the beginning, if non-Taiwanese spouses needed to work, it’s possible that they played the assistant role to help their husband work or through husband’s employment network to get a job.