保護區經營管理效能評量方法在臺灣的應用–METT與RAPPAM的比較與結果連結

Abstract

本研究目的為探討經營管理效能追蹤工具 (Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool, METT) 的在地化過程，並與先前使用過的保護區經營管理快速評量與優先設定法 (The Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management Methodology, RAPPAM) 做比較。以哈盆自然保留區2011年的RAPPAM評量和2016年的METT評量，詮釋與連結兩者所得的結果。 在地化過程修改METT的保護區資料表、壓力量表及經營管理評量表，將不適於臺灣的內容刪除、對題目做更詳盡的說明，並訂定執行的流程。研究發現，RAPPAM著重於保護區脈絡、對經營管理內容的評量較完整；METT的評量問卷題目則多集中在規劃、投入和過程中，題目常緊扣執行狀況，類似期中階段評量。由於兩者皆以壓力量表和評量表來評量保護區的經營管理效能，可藉此進行比較。壓力表可用來呈現脈絡，比對前次評量結果，展現經營管理成果，在累積多次評量結果後還能清楚呈現壓力的趨勢。此外，本研究以Leverington等人 (2010) 的重點指標 (headline indicators) 連結兩個方法的評量表，比較經營管理過程的效能。詳細填答這兩份表單，便可以完整的檢視經營管理循環，給予後續經營管理建議。 哈盆自然保留區的評量結果顯示，「氣候變化與惡劣天氣」和「生物資源的使用」是較嚴重的壓力類型。保護區需加強的重點則在於保護區範圍修正、林試所和林務局間的溝通以及原住民議題。從兩次的評量可以看到，經營管理動作使人為影響造成的壓力有下降的趨勢，而園區邊界的標記、基礎設備設施、財務管理、員工訓練與技能以及執法能力是有大幅進步的經營管理項目。 本研究討論METT在臺灣執行上所遭遇的問題，並試圖修改操作流程和方法，提高其在臺灣的適用性。後續若能對METT和RAPPAM兩者的問卷做更仔細的修改，並增加其與重點指標連結的正確性，相信可以使評量進行得更順暢、結果更準確，進一步提升經營管理效能評量的效用。

The aims of this study are to explore the localization process of Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT), and compare it with the Rapid Assessment and Prioritization of Protected Areas Management Methodology (RAPPAM). The results of RAPPAM and METT were interpreted and linked by the RAPPAM assessment in 2011 and the METT assessment in 2016 of Hapen Nature Reserve. In the localization of METT, the datasheets of reporting progress at protected area sites, threats and management assessment form were revised to suit the situation in Taiwan, give a more detailed description of the questionnaire, and set the operation process of METT. The study found that RAPPAM focused on the context of a protected area, and the management evaluations were more comprehensive; while METT was similar to the mid-stage assessment, which was mostly focused on planning, input and process, and often linked to the implementation of the situation. However, the datasheet of protected areas threats in METT and RAPPAM both can be used to show the context. Comparing with the threats of previous assessment can be used as the outcomes of management. Accumulating the results of multiple assessments can find the trend of threats. Besides, the study used headline indicators (Leverington et al., 2010) to connect two methods and compare the effectiveness of the management process. The results show that 'Climate change and severe weather' and 'Biological resource use' are the strongest pressures of the Hapen Nature Reserve. The most important needs of protected areas are the corrections to scope of a protected area, communication between Taiwan Forestry Research Institute and the Forestry Bureau, and indigenous issues. It also found that the threats caused by human could be ignored because of the management action between two assessments. The management projects which have significant improvements are 'Marking and security/ fencing of park boundaries', 'Adequacy of infrastructure, equipment and facilities', 'Effectiveness of administration including financial management', 'Adequacy of staff training', 'Staff/ other management partners skill level', and 'Adequacy of law enforcement capacity'. This study discusses the issues encountered in the implementation of METT in Taiwan, and attempts to modify operational processes and methods to improve its applicability in Taiwan. If the questionnaire of METT and RAPPAM can be modified more detailedly, and the link to the headline indicators be improved correctly, then the evaluation can be carried out more smoothly, the results will be more accurate, and enhance the effectiveness of protected area management effectiveness evaluation further.