我國公職人員利益衝突迴避法之研究

Abstract

本文主要討論的，是關於我國公職人員利益衝突迴避法各層面的問題，以利就本法適用方式與未來修法走向做出說明。首先探討本法法制基礎以及外部環境狀況，以利釐清本法的角色以及價值，並以「由外而內」的方式，說明本法特殊性與重要性。也就是從利益衝突迴避的理論依據出發，試圖建立本法核心價值。接著就利益衝突迴避法制進行全觀的考察，發現本法在利益衝突迴避法制的定位與功能，並繼之進行立法過程的考察，探究本法與其他法制的不同及其特殊性。透過比較法的研究，試圖擬出本法內部基礎與外部環境的輪廓。 繼之處理本法構成要件中仍有許多解釋之空間，此有可能造成公職人員因對構成要件之適用對象及範圍認知有誤而觸法的問題。透過各種法律解釋方法，以及主管機關法務部之函釋，分析歸納法律文句解釋的理論與實務見解為何，透過「規範主體」、「規範客體」、「行為態樣」、「法律效果」等4個面向之分析作探討，試圖讓法律適用者在適用本法時，能有更具體明確之標準。 之後並討論，本法與其他法律適用過程中競合的問題。比較特殊的是，本法條文內容間也有競合的解釋問題，以及本法本身性質屬於具有刑事處罰特色的行政法。因此就本法之間適用、其他行政法規與刑法法規之間競合適用的做深入研究。最後並歸納說明，試圖發現適用過程的規律與共通性的特色。 也同時就現存的實務案例進行分析，討論本法在實務面的運作與效果。也就是從實務案例進行類型化分析，以便進行後續的功能性考察，探究目前本法適用的情況是否符合當初立法目的；並就其缺失之處，提出具體修法建議供立法者參考。 最後歸納本文研究內容，分別從對法律解釋與適用的建議、對立法者的建議，以及對後續研究者的建議等三個角度，提出本文對該法的看法和未來研究的方向，提出本文淺見。

This paper mainly discusses all aspects of the problems regarding Law on Refusal of Public Servants Due to Conflicts of Interest in Taiwan, in order to explain the applicability and rectification in the future. Firstly, this law discusses the legal basis and the outside environment, so as to clarify the role and value of the law. Also, it explains the specialties and significance of this law with the “outside in” method. In other words, it attempts to establish the core value of this law, starting from the basis of the theory of refusal of conflicts of interest. Then, an overall inspection is conducted for the legal system of conflicts of interest, observing the position and function of the legal system of refusal of conflicts of interest concerning this law. Besides, a further process of legislation is conducted to explore the differences and specialties of this law and other legal system. Therefore, the outline of the inside basis and the outside environment can be drafted through comparative law study. Next, dealing with the components requires much room for explaining. This might cause the public servants to break the law due to failing to recognize the appropriate target and scope of the components. The legal text interpretations can be analyzed and induced and be seen what the theoretical and practical views are, through all the various ways of interpretations of the laws and administrative organization of Department of Legal Affairs. It attempts to give legal applicants embodied and clear standards while applying this law through the following four aspects of discussion: Standard Subject, Standard Object, Behavioral Patterns, and Legal Effect. Then, the co-opetition issues of the applicable process of this law and other laws will be discussed. Especially, there are interpretation problems about co-opetition among regulations of this law, and the law itself belongs to administrative law that characterizes criminal punishment. Thus, an in-depth study will be conducted in terms of the applications of this law, other administrative laws and criminal regulations about the applicability of co-opetition. Finally, by concluding and interpreting, it attempts discover the regular and common characteristics of the applicable process. Meanwhile, the analysis of existed practical cases are conducted and discussed concerning the operation and effect of practical sides. In other words, it is a typification analysis based on practical cases, so as to conduct the following functional inspection and explore if the present application of this law is in accordance with the initial aim of legislation. Also, concrete suggestions for rectification will be addressed for reference aiming the faults. Finally, to conclude this paper, a humble opinion is addressed that the views towards the law and direction of the further study according to three aspects: suggestions for legal interpretation, suggestions for the legislators, and suggestions for the following researchers.