利用人工濕地與水生植物處理寶藏巖社區生活污水

Abstract

近來人工濕地污水處理設備成本低且易於操作，因而應用於家庭、工業及農業廢水的處理。寶藏巖社區部分住戶因缺乏妥當的生活污水排放處理，污水滲流造成環境的隱憂，因此，為了建立適合處理寶藏巖社區生活污水的人工濕地，本試驗採用社區當地原有的水金英(Hydrocleys nymphoides)、野薑花(Hedychium coronarium)及美人蕉(Canna indica L.)，及污水處理常用之長苞香蒲(Typha angustata)和小莎草(Cyperus haspan L.)等五種水生植物作為試驗材料，評估對社區生活污水中污染物的移除效能。試驗結果顯示，五種水生植物皆能適應當地生活污水水質，且能有效移除水中氨態氮、硝酸態氮、總凱氏氮及總磷，其中美人蕉單位面積的移除量分別為0.124 g cm-2 d-1、0.049 g cm-2 d-1、0.167 g cm-2 d-1及0.070 g cm-2 d-1，移除效果最好。 寶藏巖社區人工濕地的試驗結果發現，表面下流人工濕地系統對總氮及總磷的移除率分別為26.2％及16.0％，而表面流系統為12.2％及7.0％，顯示表面下流系統對總氮及總磷的移除效果較佳。氮在表面流系統內呈現有機化(organization)現象，表面下流系統則進行無機化作用(ammonification)。植物吸收利用的氮僅佔0.07，脫氮作用(denitrification)、微生物作用及其它化學作用進行佔人工濕地系統0.93，為氮移除的主要途徑。 本研究根據寶藏巖社區人工濕地的試驗結果初步估算人工濕地所需之面積，表面流人與表面下流人工濕地所需面積分別約為400.7及1683.1平方公尺，顯示原計劃提供之使用面積不足。

It is because of low cost and easy operation, constructed wetlands are used in domestic, industrial and agriculture wastewater treatment recently. Part families’ domestic wastewater could not be treatmented and it was harmful to environment in Treasure- Hill community. In this study, treatment of wastewater from Treasure- Hill community by using Hydrocleys nymphoides,Hedychium coronarium, Canna indica L.,Typha angustata and Cyperus haspan L., and eminating ammonia (NH4+), nitrate(NO3-), total Kjeldahl (TKN) and total phosphorous (TP) removal, respectively. Results of the experiment, indicated these five aquatic plants could remove pollutants from wastewater and grew well in wasterwater from Treasure- Hill community. NH4+, NO3-, TKN, TP were removed by Canna indica L. 0.124 g cm-2 d-1、0.049 g cm-2 d-1、0.167 g cm-2 d-1 and 0.070 g cm-2 d-1, respectively.and removal efficiency was the best among the five aquatic plants. Results of the experiment on constructed wetlands in Treasure-Hill community, Total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous removal efficiency in subsurface flow constructed wetland were 26.2％ and 16.0％ and in free water flow constructed wetland were 12.2％ and 7.0％, respectively. Indicating the TN and TP removal efficiency in subsurface flow constructed wetland was better. Nitrogen was organization in free water flow constructed wetland, and ammonification in subsurface flow constructed wetland. Denitrification, micro- organism and other chemical process were contributed 0.93 to nitrogen removal, while only 0.07 of the removed nitrogen uptaked by aquatic plants. It was eminated that 400.7 m2 and 1683.1 m2 area was needed in the free water flow and subsurface flow constructed wetland construction, respectively. Indicating that provided area is not enough in Treasure-Hill community originally.