台灣森林生態系統多功能服務效益評估之研究

Abstract

臺灣森林面積約佔國土面積六成，森林生態系統具備調節氣候、水源涵養、水土保持、森林遊憩、維持生物多樣性等多項服務功能，森林資源對我國之重要性，藉由林業施政對森林進行妥適管理對國家永續發展極為重要。有鑑於此，本研究擬建立我國林業中程計畫之績效指標並據此對施政績效作評估，以作為我國日後林業施政的依據；根據指標計算在2001-2009年台灣森林水源涵養效益平均每年為1,274.51億元，平均森林碳吸存效益與平均森林碳貯存效益則分別為1,927.78與2,895.79億元。經濟效益方面，森林育樂之遊憩效益則大致呈現逐年提高的趨勢，在2001-2009期間該指標值之平均值為66.47億元。若僅考量林業初級生產的部分，則2002-2008年林業GDP成長率平均1.33%，若以三級產業之觀點評估我國林業及其相關產業之GDP則可發現在2001-2008年間，其值介於347.13-380.11億元之間，若進一步估算林業綠色GDP，則其2001-2008年之平均為3,284億元，而林業及其相關產業之綠色GDP在同樣期間內平均為3,628億元。

About 60% of Taiwan is covered by forest. Since forest ecosystem can provide the multifunctionality such as climate regulation, water and soil conservation, biodiversity, and recreation for us, the forestry sector becomes more prominant than ever and forestry policy plays vital role in a sustainable forestry management. Due to this reason, the purpose of the study is to build up a model by which the policy performance can be evaluated. Our findings suggest that the economic values of water conservation is NT$127.45 billion each year over the 2001-2009 period, and the economic benefit of carbon sequestration and carbon storage are NT$192.78 billion and NT$289.58 billion, respectively. The economic value of forest recreation during is NT$6.65 billion per year. If we merely take the primary production of forestry into account, the average growth rate of GDP in forestry is 1.33% during the 2002-2008 period. In contrast, when the forestry is considered, its GDP enhanced, ranges from NT$34.71-38.01 billion during 2001-2008. In the same period, the average green GDP increased to NT$ 328.4 billion when forest sector is treated as a service industry, while the average national green GDP is NT$362.8 billion.