租税逃漏代理變數之比較研究

Abstract

本研究期望驗證臺灣文獻利用有效率（ETR）與財稅差異（BTD）作為衡量租稅逃漏代理變數之一致性，並探討利用或發展Wilson租稅逃漏預測公式值（Wilson Value）以適用於臺灣研究資料之可行性。本研究利用2011至2017年資料完整的台灣上市櫃公司作為研究樣本，並透過ETR、BTD與Wilson Value兩兩間的相關係數顯著性檢定尋找證據。實證結果顯示ETR與BTD呈負相關，雖與預期方向相同，但僅為低度負相關，因此認為若同時利用ETR與BTD作為租稅逃漏的代理變數，將難以獲致一致之研究發現。而ETR與Wilson Value呈正相關，與預期方向相反；BTD與Wilson Value呈正相關，與預期方向相同，且為中度正相關，這說明Wilson Value捕捉到的公司租稅逃漏結果較偏向BTD，因此同時使用BTD與Wilson Value能使主要分析與敏感性分析獲致一致的研究發現。

This study examines whether effective tax rate (ETR) and book-tax difference (BTD), two major proxy variables of tax evasion using in Taiwanese researches, could reach a consistent conclusion when used in main analysis and sensitivity analysis respectively, and also investigates whether Wilson Value from Wilson (2009) is a feasible proxy variable of measuring tax evasion for Taiwanese companies. To figure out the relationship, listed companies in Taiwan from 2011 to 2017 are used as samples to perform a hypothesis test of the significance of correlation coefficient between the two of ETR, BTD and Wilson Value. The empirical result shows that ETR and BTD are in a weak negative relationship, which indicates that ETR and BTD could not come to a consistent conclusion when used in main analysis and sensitivity analysis respectively. Furthermore, ETR and Wilson Value are positively related, which does not meet the expectation, but BTD and Wilson Value is in a moderate positive relationship under expectation. This helps the study come to the conclusion that the result generated from Wilson Value is closer to BTD than to ETR, showing that by using Wilson Value and BTD in main analysis and sensitivity analysis respectively, they can reach a consistent conclusion.