有關副詞類義語之考察—以「どうせ」「しょせん」為中心—

Abstract

本篇論文是以形成類義語關係的副詞「DOUSE」「SHOSEN」為中心，透過句子構成以及意義層面的特徵進行共通點與相異點的比較。 考察結果發現，在共通點方面，「DOUSE」和「SHOSEN」兩者都蘊含了「既存的假定」此種說話者的思考過程。針對話題的事態，藉由「負面性賦予」此種作用來傳達「輕視、多餘、放棄」等三種意義。在與句子的理論性相關的意義層面的特徵方面，都可以作為「原因、理由、根據」以及「結論」來使用。 另外，在相異點方面，「DOUSE」與過去式難以共同出現，而透過比較發現「SHOSEN」在時態上沒有使用限制。此外，在「DOUSE+NARA」構句的情況時，筆者指出在此構句之下不可或缺的兩個新要素。也就是心理層面的現象之「多選項比較」會潛在於背景意義當中，說話者再藉此下達「依據喜好的決定、選擇」。 在「SHOSEN」的情況下，觀察到「DOUSE」所沒有的兩種機能，「前提性的結論」以及「前方文脈指向性」。當要理解有「SHOSEN」出現的句子的意義時，幾乎都要沿著文章脈絡往回解讀前句或者是前面的段落，才能明白「SHOSEN」所指的意義為何。相較之下，「DOUSE」的情況則是在該句子之中便能釐清意義為何。在本篇論文中明示了以上的差異。

The aim of the research centers on the analysis of the synonymous adverbs: “DOUSE” and “SHOSEN”. In order to clarify whether these two adverbs have similarities or differences, the researcher contrasts the two adverbs on discourse level and semantic level. The findings are as follows. First, “DOUSE” and “SHOSEN” are semantically related. Speakers would choose both adverbs to insinuate the idea of “predetermined hypothesis”. Under different conditions of the topics that proceed, both adverbs conveyed “negativity” which can be further extended to the meaning of “overlooked”, “redundant” or “relinquished”. While both adverbs applied in discourse level, they express the idea of “reasoning”, “basis” or “conclusion”. Second, “DOUSE” and “SHOSEN” demonstrated differences in the conditions they’re being applied under different verb tense. “DOUSE”, according to the study, rarely occurs under past tense while “SHOSEN” doesn’t have such constraint. Moreover, in the combination of “DOUSE + NARA”, the researcher discovered the inseparable meaning arisen from the use of combination; the meaning of “multiple choices” is entailed in the combination. The speakers utilize this combination to suggest the idea that” the decision is made due to one’s liking” through their speech. On the contrary, “SHOSEN” entails different semantic connotations that “DOUSE” lacks: “conclusion under certain condition” and “retrospective directivity”, in which the speakers are required to trace back to the previous context. That is, the recipients need to trace back to previous sentence or the paragraph to achieve fully understanding. Otherwise, the recipients can understand the sentence with “DOUSE” without any problem due to the fact that the meaning is fully demonstrated in the very sentence. Above are the findings that have been discovered in the thesis.