請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/99901完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 黃耀輝 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Yaw-Huei Hwang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 吳冠穎 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Guan-Ying Wu | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-09-19T16:14:39Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-09-20 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-09-19 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-07-31 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | Abbas G, Murtaza B, Bibi I, Shahid M, Niazi NK, Khan MI, Amjad M, Hussain M, Natasha. Arsenic uptake, toxicity, detoxification, and speciation in plants: physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018;15(1):59. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15010059.
Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2014;19(2):164-174. Abdullah SNF, Ismail A, Juahir H, Ahmad RB, Lananan F, Hashim NM, Ariffin N, Zali MA, Mohd TAT, Hussin MHF, Mahmood RISR, Jamil JRA, Desa SM. Chemical composition of rainwater harvested in East Malaysia. Environmental Engineering Research 2022;27(2):200508. doi: 10.4491/eer.2020.508. Aisen P, Enns C, Wessling-Resnick M. Chemistry and biology of eukaryotic iron metabolism. The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 2001;33(10):940-959. doi: 10.1016/s1357-2725(01)00063-2. Albarico FPJB, Chen CW, Lim YC, Wang MH, Chuang Y, Dong CD. Driving factors of phytoplankton trace metal concentrations and distribution along anthropogenically-impacted estuaries of southern Taiwan. Regional Studies in Marine Science 2022;56:102610. doi: 10.1016/j.rsma.2022.102610. Alessio L, Apostoli P, Ferioli A, Lombardi S. Interference of manganese on neuroendocrinal system in exposed workers. Preliminary report. Biological Trace Element Research 1989;21:249-253. doi: 10.1007/BF02917260. Allen AG, Nemitz E, Shi JP, Harrison RM, Greenwood JC. Size distributions of trace metals in atmospheric aerosols in the United Kingdom. Atmospheric Environment 2001;35(27):4581-4591. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00190-X. Allen S, Allen D, Baladima F, Phoenix VR, Thomas JL, Le Roux G, Sonke JE. Evidence of free tropospheric and long-range transport of microplastic at Pic du Midi Observatory. Nature Communications 2021;12(1):7242. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27454-7. Anant JK, Inchulkar SR, Bhagat S. An overview of copper toxicity relevance to public health. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research 2018;5(11):232-237. Anderson GJ. Mechanisms of iron loading and toxicity. American Journal of Hematology 2007;82(12):1128-1131. doi: 10.1002/ajh.21075. Andresen E, Küpper H. Cadmium toxicity in plants. In: Sigel, A., Sigel, H., Sigel, R. (eds). Cadmium: from toxicity to essentiality. Metal Ions in Life Sciences, vol 11. Springer, Dordrecht. 2012;395-413. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-5179-8_13. Ao M, Chen X, Deng T, Sun S, Tang Y, Morel JL, Qiu R, Wang S. Chromium biogeochemical behaviour in soil-plant systems and remediation strategies: A critical review. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2022;424(Pt A):127233. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127233. Aragón MA, Ayala ME, Fortoul TI, Bizarro P, Altamirano-Lozano M. Vanadium induced ultrastructural changes and apoptosis in male germ cells. Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) 2005;20(1):127-134. doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2004.11.016. Arslan G, Edebali S, Pehlivan E. Physical and chemical factors affecting the adsorption of Cr(VI) via humic acids extracted from brown coals. Desalination 2010;255:117-123. doi: 10.1016/j.desal.2010.01.006. Aryal R, Beecham S, Sarkar B, Chong MN, Kinsela A, Kandasamy J, Vigneswara S. Readily wash-off road dust and associated heavy metals on motorways. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2017;228:1. doi: 10.1007/s11270-016-3178-3. Aschner M, Guilarte TR, Schneider JS, Zheng W. Manganese: recent advances in understanding its transport and neurotoxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2007;221(2):131-147. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2007.03.001. Assi MA, Hezmee MN, Haron AW, Sabri MY, Rajion MA. The detrimental effects of lead on human and animal health. Veterinary World 2016;9(6):660-671. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2016.660-671. ATSDR. Toxicological profile for vanadium. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service. 2012. Available at: https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaqs/tfacts58.pdf. Accessed on February 2, 2024. Avila DS, Puntel RL, Aschner M. Manganese in health and disease. Metal Ions in Life Sciences 2013;13:199-227. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7500-8_7. Baan R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secretan B, El Ghissassi F, Cogliano V, WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer Monograph Working Group. Carcinogenicity of carbon black, titanium dioxide, and talc. The Lancet. Oncology 2006;7(4):295-296. doi: 10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70651-9. Babu TS, Marder JB, Tripuranthakam S, Dixon DG, Greenberg BM. Synergistic effects of a photooxidized polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and copper on photosynthesis and plant growth: evidence that in vivo formation of reactive oxygen species is a mechanism of copper toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2001;20(6):1351-1358. doi: 10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1351:seoapp>2.0.co;2. Baccarelli A, Pfeiffer R, Consonni D, Pesatori AC, Bonzini M, Patterson DG Jr, Landi MT. Handling of dioxin measurement data in the presence of non-detectable values: Overview of available methods and their application in the Seveso chloracne study. Chemosphere 2005;60(7):898-906. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.01.055. Ball JE, Jenks R, Aubourg D. An assessment of the availability of pollutant constituents on road surfaces. Science of the Total Environment 1998;209(2-3):243-254. Bano I, Skalickova S, Arbab S, Urbankova L, Horky P. Toxicological effects of nanoselenium in animals. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022;13(1):72. doi: 10.1186/s40104-022-00722-2. Barceloux DG, Barceloux D. Vanadium. Journal of Toxicology. Clinical Toxicology 1999;37(2):265-278. doi: 10.1081/CLT-100102425. Baruthio F. Toxic effects of chromium and its compounds. Biological Trace Element Research 1992;32:145-153. doi: 10.1007/BF02784599. Becker M, Asch F. Iron toxicity in rice—conditions and management concepts. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 2005;168:558-573. doi: 10.1002/jpln.200520504. Begum W, Rai S, Banerjee S, Bhattacharjee S, Mondal MH, Bhattarai A, Saha B. A comprehensive review on the sources, essentiality and toxicological profile of nickel. RSC Advances 2022;12(15):9139-9153. doi: 10.1039/d2ra00378c. Benaafi M, Abba SI, Tawabini B, Abdulazeez I, Salhi B, Usman J, Aljundi IH. Integrated clustering analysis for delineating seawater intrusion and heavy metals in Arabian Gulf Coastal groundwater of Saudi Arabia. Heliyon 2023;9(9):e19784. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19784. Bernhoft RA. Cadmium toxicity and treatment. The Scientific World Journal 2013;394652. doi: 10.1155/2013/394652. Bhoelan BS, Stevering CH, van der Boog ATJ, van der Heyden MAG. Barium toxicity and the role of the potassium inward rectifier current. Clinical Toxicology 2014;52(6):584-593. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2014.923903. Brix KV, Schlekat CE, Garman ER. The mechanisms of nickel toxicity in aquatic environments: An adverse outcome pathway analysis. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2017;36(5):1128-1137. doi: 10.1002/etc.3706. Brix KV, Tear L, DeForest DK, Adams WJ. Development of Multiple Linear Regression Models for Predicting Chronic Iron Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2023;42(6):1386-1400. doi: 10.1002/etc.5623. Burnase N, Jaiswal S, Barapatre A. Metal Toxicity in Humans Associated with Their Occupational Exposures Due to Mining. In: Randive, K., Pingle, S., Agnihotri, A. (eds) Medical Geology in Mining. Springer Geology. Springer, Cham 2022. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99495-2_7. Buxton S, Garman E, Heim KE, Lyons-Darden T, Schlekat CE, Taylor MD, Oller AR. Concise Review of Nickel Human Health Toxicology and Ecotoxicology. Inorganics 2019;7(7):89. doi: 10.3390/inorganics7070089. Byeon E, Kang HM, Yoon C, Lee JS. Toxicity mechanisms of arsenic compounds in aquatic organisms. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2021;237:105901. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105901. Cangemi M, Madonia P, Favara R. Chemical characterisation of rainwater at Stromboli Island (Italy): the effect of post-depositional processes. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 2017;335:82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2017.01.023. Cargnelutti D, Tabaldi LA, Spanevello RM, de Oliveira Jucoski G, Battisti V, Redin M, Linares CE, Dressler VL, de Moraes Flores EM, Nicoloso FT, Morsch VM, Schetinger MR. Mercury toxicity induces oxidative stress in growing cucumber seedlings. Chemosphere 2006;65(6):999-1006. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.037. Carter J, Walling DE, Owens PN, Leeks GJ. Spatial and temporal variability in the concentration and speciation of metals in suspended sediment transported by the River Aire, Yorkshire, UK. Hydrological Processes 2006;20(14):3007-3027. doi: 10.1002/hyp.6156. Chai H, Yao J, Sun J, Zhang C, Liu W, Zhu M, Ceccanti B. The effect of metal oxide nanoparticles on functional bacteria and metabolic profiles in agricultural soil. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2015;94(4):490-495. doi: 10.1007/s00128-015-1485-9. Chasapis CT, Ntoupa PSA, Spiliopoulou CA, Stefanidou ME. Recent aspects of the effects of zinc on human health. Archives of Toxicology 2020;94:1443-1460. doi: 10.1007/s00204-020-02702-9. Chate D, Pasumarti R, Naik M, Momin G, Safai P, Ali K. Scavenging of aerosols and their chemical species by rain. Atmospheric Environment 2003;37:2477-2484. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(03)00162-6. Chen D, Chen Y, Lin Y. Heavy rainfall events following the dry season elevate metal contamination in mining-impacted rivers: a case study of Wenyu River, Qinling, China. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2021;81:335-345. doi: 10.1007/s00244-021-00870-y. Chen H, Zhan C, Liu S, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu Z, Liu T, Liu X, Xiao W. Pollution Characteristics and Human Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Street Dust from a Typical Industrial Zone in Wuhan City, Central China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022;19(17):10970. doi: 10.3390/ijerph191710970. Chen HY, Hsu LF, Huang SZ, Zheng L. Assessment of the components and sources of acid deposition in northeast asia: a case study of the coastal and metropolitan cities in northern taiwan. Atmosphere 2020;11(9):983. doi: 10.3390/atmos11090983. Chen L, Liu JR, Hu WF, Gao J, Yang JY. Vanadium in soil-plant system: Source, fate, toxicity, and bioremediation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021;405:124200. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124200. Chen X, Xia X, Zhao Y, Zhang P. Heavy metal concentrations in roadside soils and correlation with urban traffic in Beijing, China. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010;181:640-646. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.05.060. Chen YC, Hsu CY, Lin SL, Chang-Chien GP, Chen MJ, Fang GC, Chiang HC. Characteristics of Concentrations and Metal Compositions for PM2.5 and PM2.5-10 in Yunlin County, Taiwan during Air Quality Deterioration. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2015;15:2571-2583. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2015.04.0261. Chowdhury MJ, Bucking C, Wood CM. Is nickel an essential metal for aquatic animals? Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management 2008;4(2):266-267. Cong Z, Kang S, Zhang Y, Li X. Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to central Tibetan Plateau. Applied Geochemistry 2010;25(9):1415-1421. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2010.06.011. Conko KM, Rice KC, Kennedy MM. Atmospheric wet deposition of trace elements to a suburban environment, Reston, Virginia, USA. Atmospheric Environment 2004;38(24):4025-4033. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.03.062. Costa M, Klein CB. Toxicity and carcinogenicity of chromium compounds in humans. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 2006;36(2):155-163. doi: 10.1080/10408440500534032. Cruz MT, Simpas JB, Sorooshian A, Betito G, Cambaliza MOL, Collado JT, Eloranta EW, Holz R, Topacio XGV, Socorro JD, Bagtasa G. Impacts of regional wind circulations on aerosol pollution and planetary boundary layer structure in Metro Manila, Philippines. Atmospheric Environment, 2023;293:119445. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2022.119455. Davis AP, Shokouhian M, Ni S. Loading estimates of lead, copper, cadmium, and zinc in urban runoff from specific sources. Chemosphere 2001;44(5):997-1009. doi: 10.1016/s0045-6535(00)00561-0. Dean CM, Sansalone JJ, Cartledge FK, Pardue JH. Influence of hydrology on rainfall-runoff metal element speciation. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2005;131(4):632-642. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9372(2005)131:4(632). Denkhaus E, Salnikow K. Nickel essentiality, toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology 2002;42(1):35-56. doi: 10.1016/s1040-8428(01)00214-1. Dey S, Tripathy B, Kumar MS, Das A. Ecotoxicological consequences of manganese mining pollutants and their biological remediation. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 2023;5:55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.enceco.2023.01.001. Djurasevic S, Jama A, Jasnic N, Vujovic P, Jovanovic M, Mitic-Culafic D, Knezevic-Vukcevic J, Cakic-Milosevic M, Ilijevic K, Djordjevic J. The Protective Effects of Probiotic Bacteria on Cadmium Toxicity in Rats. Journal of Medicinal Food 2017;20(2):189-196. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2016.0090. Dore AJ, Hallsworth S, McDonald AG, Werner M, Kryza M, Abbot J, Nemitz E, Dore CJ, Malcolm H, Vieno M, Reis S, Fowler D. Quantifying missing annual emission sources of heavy metals in the United Kingdom with an atmospheric transport model. Science of the Total Environment 2014;479-480:171-180. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.001. Egodawatta P. Translation of small-plot scale pollutant build-up and wash-off measurements to urban catchment scale [dissertation]. Queensland University of Technology; 2007. European Commission. (2015). Directive 2008/105/EC on environmental quality standards in the field of water policy. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32008L0105. Accessed April 20, 2025. Fang Y, Fiore A, Horowitz L, Gnanadesikan A, Held I, Chen G, Vecchi G, Levy H. The impacts of changing transport and precipitation on pollutant distributions in a future climate. Journal of Geophysical Research 2011;116:D18303. doi:10.1029/2011JD015642. Fatoki JO, Badmus JA. Arsenic as an environmental and human health antagonist: A review of its toxicity and disease initiation. Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances 2022;5:100052. doi: 10.1016/j.hazadv.2022.100052. Fordyce FM. Selenium Deficiency and Toxicity in the Environment. In: Selinus, O. (eds) Essentials of Medical Geology. Springer, Dordrecht 2013. doi: 0.1007/978-94-007-4375-5_16. Fraga CG, Oteiza PI. Iron toxicity and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 2002;180(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/s0300-483x(02)00379-7. Fu X, Feng X, Qiu G, Shang L, Zhang H. Speciated atmospheric mercury and its potential source in Guiyang, China. Atmospheric Environment 2011;45:4205-4212. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.05.012. Gaetke LM, Chow CK. (2003). Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 2003;189(1-2):147-163. doi: 10.1016/S0300-483X(03)00159-8. Gallagher CM, Meliker JR. Blood and urine cadmium, blood pressure, and hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environmental Health Perspectives 2010;118(12):1676-1684. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1002077. Gao Y, Hao Z, Yang T, He N, Tian J, Wen X. Wash effect of atmospheric trace metals wet deposition and its source characteristic in subtropical watershed in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2016;23:20388-20401. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7254-4. Genchi G, Sinicropi MS, Lauria G, Carocci A, Catalano A. The Effects of Cadmium Toxicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(11):3782. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17113782. Ghosh SK, Saha R, Saha B. Toxicity of inorganic vanadium compounds. Research on Chemical Intermediates 2015;41:4873-4897. doi: 10.1007/s11164-014-1573-1. Gidlow DA. Lead toxicity. Occupational medicine (Oxford, England) 2004;54(2):76-81. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqh019. Gissi F, Stauber JL, Binet MT, Golding LA, Adams MS, Schlekat CE, Garman ER, Jolley DF. A review of nickel toxicity to marine and estuarine tropical biota with particular reference to the South East Asian and Melanesian region. Environmental Pollution 2016;218:1308-1323. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.08.089. Gunawardena J, Egodawatta P, Ayoko G, Goonetilleke A. Atmospheric deposition as a source of heavy metals in urban stormwater. Atmospheric Environment 2013;68:235-242. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.11.062. Guo LC, Bao LJ, She JW, Zeng EY. Significance of wet deposition to removal of atmospheric particulate matter and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: A case study in Guangzhou, China. Atmospheric Environment 2014;83:136-144. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.11.012. Gupta P. Toxic Effects of Metals and Micronutrients. In: Concepts and Applications in Veterinary Toxicology. Springer, Cham 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-22250-5_5. Green AJ, Planchart A. The neurological toxicity of heavy metals: A fish perspective. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C 2018;208:12-19. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.11.008. Greenberg MI, Vearrier D. Metal fume fever and polymer fume fever. Clinical Toxicology 2015;53(4):195-203. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1013548. Grundstrom M, Tang L, Hallquist M, Nguyen H, Chen D, Pleijel H. Influence of atmospheric circulation patterns on urban air quality during the winter. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2015;6:278. doi: 10.5094/APR.2015.032. Haley B. Mercury toxicity: Genetic susceptibility and synergistic effects. Medical Veritas: The Journal of Medical Truth 2005;2:535-542. doi: 10.1588/medver.2005.02.00070. Hammerschmidt CR, Sandheinrich MB, Wiener JG, Rada RG. Effects of dietary methylmercury on reproduction of fathead minnows. Environmental Science & Technology 2022;36(5):877-883. doi: 10.1021/es011120p. Harford AJ, Mooney TJ, Trenfield MA, van Dam RA. Manganese toxicity to tropical freshwater species in low hardness water. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 2015;34(12):2856-2863. doi: 10.1002/etc.3135. Hassan MU, Chattha MU, Khan I, Chattha MB, Aamer M, Nawaz M, Ali A, Khan MAU, Khan TA. Nickel toxicity in plants: reasons, toxic effects, tolerance mechanisms, and remediation possibilities-a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 2019;26(13):12673-12688. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-04892-x. Heinrich U, Fuhst R, Rittinghausen S, Creutzenberg O, Bellmann B, Koch W, Levsen K. Chronic Inhalation Exposure of Wistar Rats and two Different Strains of Mice to Diesel Engine Exhaust, Carbon Black, and Titanium Dioxide. Inhalation Toxicology 1995;7(4):533-556. doi: 10.3109/08958379509015211. Hoang HG, Lin C, Tran HT, Chiang CF, Bui XT, Cheruiyot NK, Shern CC, Lee CW. Heavy metal contamination trends in surface water and sediments of a river in a highly-industrialized region. Environmental Technology & Innovation 2020;20:101043. doi: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101043. Hornung RW, Reed LD. Estimation of average concentration in the presence of nondetectable values. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 1990;5(1):46-51. doi: 10.1080/1047322X.1990.10389587. Hou J, Wu Y, Li X, Wei B, Li S, Wang X. Toxic effects of different types of zinc oxide nanoparticles on algae, plants, invertebrates, vertebrates and microorganisms. Chemosphere 2018;193:852-860. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.077. Hou J, Wang L, Wang C, Zhang S, Liu H, Li S, Wang X. Toxicity and mechanisms of action of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in living organisms. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China) 2019;75:40-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.06.010. Houston MC. Role of mercury toxicity in hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Journal of Clinical Hypertension 2011;13(8):621-627. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-7176.2011.00489.x. Hsu CY, Chiang HC, Lin SL, Chen MJ, Lin TY, Chen YC. Elemental characterization and source apportionment of PM10 and PM2.5 in the western coastal area of central Taiwan. Science of the Total Environment 2016;541:1139-1150. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.12. Hu GP, Balasubramanian R. Wet deposition of trace metals in Singapore. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2003;144:285-300. doi: 10.1023/A:1022921418383. Hu M, Zhang J, Wu Z. Chemical compositions of precipitation and scavenging of particles in Beijing. Science in China Series B: Chemistry. 2005;48:265-272. doi: 10.1360/042004-49. Hu X, Zhang Y, Ding Z, Wang T, Lian H, Sun Y, Wu J. Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn and Mn) in TSP and PM2.5 in Nanjing, China. Atmospheric Environment 2012;57:146-152. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.04.056. Huertas JI, Martinez DS, Prato DF. Numerical approximation to the effects of the atmospheric stability conditions on the dispersion of pollutants over flat areas. Scientific Reports 2021;11(1):11566. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-89200-9. Hung YH, Bush AI, Cherny RA. Copper in the brain and Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry 2010;15(1), 61-76. doi: 10.1007/s00775-009-0600-y. Huston R, Chan YC, Gardner T, Shaw G, Chapman H. Characterisation of atmospheric deposition as a source of contaminants in urban rainwater tanks. Water Research 2009;43(6):1630-1640. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2008.12.045. Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Micronutrients. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222310/. Accessed February 11, 2025. Isidori A, Borin L, Elli E, Latagliata R, Martino B, Palumbo G, Pilo F, Loscocco F, Visani G, Cianciulli P. Iron Toxicity - Its effect on the bone marrow. Blood Reviews 2018;32(6):473-479. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2018.04.004. Jacob DJ, Winner DA. Effect of climate change on air quality. Atmospheric Environment 2009;43:51-63. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.051. Jensen P, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Skare L, Menné T, Lidén C. Occupational hand eczema caused by nickel and evaluated by quantitative exposure assessment. Contact Dermatitis 2011;64(1):32-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2010.01819.x. Kasprzak KS, Sunderman FW, Jr, Salnikow K. (2003). Nickel carcinogenesis. Mutation Research 2003;533(1-2):67-97. doi: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2003.08.021. Kayhanian M, Suverkropp C, Ruby A, Tsay K. Characterization and prediction of highway runoff constituent event mean concentration. Journal of Environmental Management 2007;85(2):279-295. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.09.024. Khan K, Wasserman GA, Liu X, Ahmed E, Parvez F, Slavkovich V, Levy D, Mey J, van Geen A, Graziano JH, Factor-Litvak P. Manganese exposure from drinking water and children's academic achievement. Neurotoxicology 2012;33(1):91-97. doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2011.12.002. Khorfan S, Wahoud A, Reda Y. Recovery of vanadium pentoxide from spent catalyst used in the manufacture of sulphuric acid. Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 2001;45(2):131-137. Kilic M, Kilic S, Pamukoğlu MY. Source identification and characterization of water-insoluble single particulate matter in rainfall sequences. Journal of Water and Climate Change 2025;16(2):563-587. doi: 10.2166/wcc.2025.595. Kim DH, Takeda K, Sakugawa H, Lee JS. Chemical Compositions in Rainwater at Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan. Analytical Science and Technology. 2002;15(4):321-328. Kim KT, Eo MY, Nguyen TTH, Kim SM. General review of titanium toxicity. International Journal of Implant Dentistry 2019;5(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s40729-019-0162-x. Kravchenko J, Darrah TH, Miller RK, Lyerly HK, Vengosh A. A review of the health impacts of barium from natural and anthropogenic exposure. Environmental Geochemistry and Health 2014;36(4):797-814. doi: 10.1007/s10653-014-9622-7. Kumar A, Kumar A, M. M. S. CP, Chaturvedi AK, Shabnam AA, Subrahmanyam G, Mondal R, Gupta DK, Malyan SK, S Kumar S, A Khan S, Yadav KK. Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(7):2179. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072179. Kumar N, Thorat ST, Chavhan SR. Multifunctional role of dietary copper to regulate stress-responsive gene for mitigation of multiple stresses in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Scientific Reports 2024;14(1), 2252. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-51170-z. Laino E, Iglesias G. Extreme weather events and environmental contamination under climate change: A comparative review of ten European coastal cities. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 2025;45:100606. doi: 10.1016/j.coesh.2025.100606. Lamb DT, Matanitobua VP, Palanisami T, Megharaj M, Naidu R. Bioavailability of barium to plants and invertebrates in soils contaminated by barite. Environmental Science & Technology 2013;47(9):4670-4676. doi: 10.1021/es302053d. Landing WM, Caffrey JM, Nolek SD, Gosnell KJ, Parker WC. Atmospheric wet deposition of mercury and other trace elements in Pensacola, Florida. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2010;10:4867-4877. doi: 10.5194/acp-10-4867-2010. Langård S. A survey of respiratory symptoms and lung function in ferrochromium and ferrosilicon workers. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 1980;46(1):1-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00377455. Latunde-Dada GO. Iron Intake and Human Health. Nutrients 2024;16(2):206. doi: 10.3390/nu16020206. Lazard M, Dauplais M, Blanquet S, Plateau P. Recent advances in the mechanism of selenoamino acids toxicity in eukaryotic cells. Biomolecular Concepts 2017;8(2):93-104. doi: 10.1515/bmc-2017-0007. Lee CS, Lee YC, Chiang HM. Abrupt state change of river water quality (turbidity): Effect of extreme rainfalls and typhoons. Science of the Total Environment 2016;557-558:91-101. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.213. Lee HJ, Chun KW, Shope CL, Park JH. Multiple Time-Scale Monitoring to Address Dynamic Seasonality and Storm Pulses of Stream Water Quality in Mountainous Watersheds. Water 2015;7(11):6117-6138. doi: 10.3390/w7116117. Lee JH, Bang KW, Ketchum LH, Choe JS, Yu MJ. First flush analysis of urban storm runoff. Science of the Total Environment 2002;293(1-3):163-175. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(02)00006-2. Lee KP, Trochimowicz HJ, Reinhardt CF. Pulmonary response of rats exposed to titanium dioxide (TiO2) by inhalation for two years. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1985;79(2):179-192. doi: 10.1016/0041-008x(85)90339-4. Li D, Wan J, Ma Y, Wang Y, Huang M, Chen Y. Stormwater runoff pollutant loading distributions and their correlation with rainfall and catchment characteristics in a rapidly industrialized city. PLoS ONE 2015;10(3):e0118776. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118776. Li D, Zheng J, Yang M, Meng Y, Yu X, Zhou H, Xiao H. Atmospheric wet deposition of trace metal elements: Monitoring and modelling. Science of the Total Environment 2023;893:164880. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164880. Li R, Tang X, Guo W, Lin L, Zhao L, Hu Y, Liu M. Spatiotemporal distribution dynamics of heavy metals in water, sediment, and zoobenthos in mainstream sections of the middle and lower Changjiang River. Science of the Total Environment 2020;714:136779. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136779. Li S, Zhang Q. Spatial characterization of dissolved trace elements and heavy metals in the upper Han River (China) using multivariate statistical techniques. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2010;176(1-3):579-588. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.069. Li Y, Wang Y, Ding A, Liu X, Guo J, Li P, Sun M, Ge F, Wang W. Impact of long-range transport and under-cloud scavenging on precipitation chemistry in East China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2011;18:1544-1554. doi: 10.1007/s11356-011-0516-2. Lin C, Huo T, Yang F, Wang B, Chen Y, Wang H. Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in aerosol and precipitation and their scavenging ratios in an urban environment in southwest china. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2021;21:200513. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.200513. Lin J, Chen W, Qi X, Hou H. Risk assessment and its influencing factors analysis of geological hazards in typical mountain environment. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021;309:127077. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.127077. Lin KN, Lim YC, Chen CW, Chen CF, Kao CM, Dong CD. Spatiotemporal Variation and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Industrialized Urban River Sediments: Fengshan River in Southern Taiwan as a Case Study. Applied Sciences 2022;12(3):1013. doi: 10.3390/app12031013. Lin YC, Hsu SC, Chou CC, Zhang R, Wu Y, Kao SJ, Luo L, Huang CH, Lin SH, Huang YT. Wintertime haze deterioration in Beijing by industrial pollution deduced from trace metal fingerprints and enhanced health risk by heavy metals. Environmental Pollution. 2016;208:284-293. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.07.044. Liu X, Ouyang W, Shu Y, Tian Y, Feng Y, Zhang T, Chen W. Incorporating bioaccessibility into health risk assessment of heavy metals in particulate matter originated from different sources of atmospheric pollution. Environmental Pollution 2019;254(Pt B):113113. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113113. Lozoff B, Georgieff MK. Iron deficiency and brain development. Seminars in Pediatric Neurology 2006;13(3):158-165. doi: 10.1016/j.spen.2006.08.004. Lu X, Li LY, Li N, Yang G, Luo D, Chen J. Chemical characteristics of spring rainwater of Xi’an city, NW China. Atmospheric Environment 2011;45:5058-5063. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.06.026 Luan T, Guo XL, Zhang TH, Guo LJ. Below-Cloud aerosol scavenging by different-intensity rains in Beijing city. Journal of Meteorological Research 2019;33:126-137. doi: 10.1007/s13351-019-8079-0. Ma CJ, Sera K. The chemical nature of individual size-resolved raindrops and their residual particles collected during high atmospheric loading for PM2.5. Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment 2017;11:176-183. doi: 10.5572/ajae.2017.11.3.176. Mahender A, Swamy BPM, Anandan A, Ali J. (2019). Tolerance of Iron-Deficient and -Toxic Soil Conditions in Rice. Plants 2019;8(2):31. doi: 10.3390/plants8020031. Malcolm EG, Keeler GJ, Lawson ST, Sherbatskoy TD. Mercury and trace elements in cloud water and precipitation collected on Mt. Mansfield, Vermont. Journal of Environmental Monitoring 2003;5(4):584-590. doi: 10.1039/B210124F. Mania M, Rebeniak M, Postupolski J. (2019). Food as a source of exposure to nickel. Roczniki Panstwowego Zakladu Higieny 2019;70(4):393-399. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2019.0090. Martinez-Finley EJ, Gavin CE, Aschner M, Gunter TE. Manganese neurotoxicity and the role of reactive oxygen species. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 2013;62:65-75. doi: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.032. Martins EH, Nogarotto DC, Mortatti J, Pozza SA. Chemical composition of rainwater in an urban area of the southeast of Brazil. Atmospheric Pollution Research 2019;10:520-530. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2018.10.003. Mason LH, Harp JP, Han DY. Pb neurotoxicity: neuropsychological effects of lead toxicity. BioMed Research International 2014;2014:840547. doi: 10.1155/2014/840547. Mézes M, Balogh K. Prooxidant mechanisms of selenium toxicity–a review. Acta Biologica Szegediensis 2009;53(suppl.):15-18. Michalke B, Fernsebner K. New insights into manganese toxicity and speciation. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology: organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 2014;28(2):106-116. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2013.08.005. Ministry of the Environment, Japan. (2023). Environmental quality standards of Japan. Available at: https://www.env.go.jp/en/standards/. Accessed April 20, 2025. Mishra M, Mathur R, Gautam RK. Therapeutic application of some chelating agents against intoxication of Vanadium compounds in the reproductive organs of male rats. Global Advanced Research Journal of Microbiology 2013;2(2):017-021. Available at: http://garj.org/garjm/index.htm. Accessed March 25, 2025. Mitra S, Das R. Health risk assessment of construction workers from trace metals in PM2.5 from Kolkata, India. Archives of Environmental and Occupational Health 2022;77(2):125-140. doi: 10.1080/19338244.2020.1860877. Mohiuddin KM, Otomo K, Ogawa Y, Shikazono N. Seasonal and spatial distribution of trace elements in the water and sediments of the Tsurumi river in Japan. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2012;184(1):265-279. doi: 10.1007/s10661-011-1966-1. Monteiro De Oliveira EC, Caixeta ES, Santos VSV, Pereira BB. Arsenic exposure from groundwater: environmental contamination, human health effects, and sustainable solutions. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part B, Critical Reviews 2021;24(3):119-135. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1898504. Morawska L, Thomas S, Jamriska M, Johnson G. The modality of particle size distributions of environmental aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 1999;33(27):4401-4411. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00217-4. Moreno T, Higueras P, Jones T, McDonald I, Gibbons, Wes. Size fractionation in mercury-bearing airborne particles (HgPM10) at Almadén, Spain: Implications for inhalation hazards around old mines. Atmospheric Environment. 2005;39:6409-6419. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.07.024. Morton-Bermea O, Garza-Galindo R, Hernández-Álvarez E, Ordoñez-Godínez SL, Amador-Muñoz O, Beramendi-Orosco L, Miranda J, Rosas-Pérez I. Atmospheric PM2.5 Mercury in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2018;100(4):588-592. doi: 10.1007/s00128-018-2288-6. Moulis JM, Thévenod F. New perspectives in cadmium toxicity: an introduction. Biometals 2010;23(5):763-768. doi: 10.1007/s10534-010-9365-6. Muñoz M, García-Erce JA, Remacha ÁF. Disorders of iron metabolism. Part II: iron deficiency and iron overload. Journal of Clinical Pathology 2011;64(4):287-296. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2010.086991. Nguyen TPM, Bui TH, Nguyen MK, Ta TN, Tran TMH, Nguyen YN, Nguyen TH. Assessing pollution characteristics and human health risk of exposure to PM2.5-bound trace metals in a suburban area in Hanoi, Vietnam. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 2022;28(3-4):433-454. doi: 10.1080/10807039.2022.2056872. Nriagu, J., Pacyna, J. Quantitative assessment of worldwide contamination of air, water and soils by trace metals. Nature 1988;333:134-139. doi: 10.1038/333134a0. Nriagu, J. A global assessment of natural sources of atmospheric trace metals. Nature 1989;338:47-49. doi: 10.1038/338047a0. Nriagu J. Zinc toxicity in humans. School of public health, University of Michigan 2007;1-7. O'Neal SL, Zheng W. Manganese Toxicity Upon Overexposure: a Decade in Review. Current Environmental Health Reports 2015;2(3):315-328. doi: 10.1007/s40572-015-0056-x. Obeng SK, Kulhánek M, Balík J, Černý J, Sedlář O. Manganese: From Soil to Human Health-A Comprehensive Overview of Its Biological and Environmental Significance. Nutrients 2024;16(20):3455. doi: 10.3390/nu16203455. Oduber F, Calvo AI, Castro A, Blanco-Alegre C, Alves C, Barata J, Nunes T, Lucarelli F, Nava S, Calzolai G, Cerqueira M, Martín-Villacorta J, Esteves V, Fraile R. Chemical composition of rainwater under two events of aerosol transport: A Saharan dust outbreak and wildfires. Science of the Total Environment 2020;734:139202. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139202. Oduber F, Calvo AI, Blanco-Alegre C, Castro A, Alves C, Cerqueira M, Lucarelli F, Nava S, Calzolai G, Martin-Villacorta J, Esteves V, Fraile R. Towards a model for aerosol removal by rain scavenging: The role of physical-chemical characteristics of raindrops. Water Research 2021;190:116758. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116758. Okereafor U, Makhatha M, Mekuto L, Uche-Okereafor N, Sebola T, Mavumengwana V. Toxic Metal Implications on Agricultural Soils, Plants, Animals, Aquatic life and Human Health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020;17(7):2204. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17072204. Oliveira H. Chromium as an Environmental Pollutant: Insights on Induced Plant Toxicity. Journal of Botany 2012:375843. doi: 10.1155/2012/375843. Ouyang W, Guo B, Cai G, Li Q, Han S, Liu B, Liu X. The washing effect of precipitation on particulate matter and the pollution dynamics of rainwater in downtown Beijing. Science of the Total Environment 2015;505:306-314. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.09.062. Pan Y, Wang Y, Xin J, Tang G, Song T, Wang Y, Li X, Wu F. Study on dissolved organic carbon in precipitation in Northern China. Atmospheric Environment 2010;44(19):2350-2357. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2010.03.033. Pane EF, Richards JG, Wood CM. (2003). Acute waterborne nickel toxicity in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) occurs by a respiratory rather than ionoregulatory mechanism. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2003;63(1):65-82. doi: 10.1016/s0166-445x(02)00131-5. Papanikolaou G, Pantopoulos K. Iron metabolism and toxicity. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2005;202(2):199-211. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.06.021. Park DS, Choi Y, Sunwoo Y, Jung CH. Development of wet scavenging process of particles in air quality modeling. Atmosphere 2024;15(9):1070. doi: 10.3390/atmos15091070. Patra RC, Rautray AK, Swarup D. Oxidative stress in lead and cadmium toxicity and its amelioration. Veterinary Medicine International 2011;2011:457327. doi: 10.4061/2011/457327. Payne JF, Andrews C, Fancey L, French B, Lee K. Risks to Fish Associated with Barium in Drilling Fluids and Produced Water: A Chronic Toxicity Study with Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus). In: Lee, K., Neff, J. (eds) Produced Water. Springer, New York, NY 2011. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0046-2_21. Peana M, Medici S, Dadar M, Zoroddu MA, Pelucelli A, Chasapis CT, Bjørklund G. Environmental barium: potential exposure and health-hazards. Archives of Toxicology 2021;95:2605-2612. doi: 10.1007/s00204-021-03049-5. Peng D, Zhang R, Chen Y, Jiang L, Lei L, Xu H, Feng S. Effects of secondary release of chromium and vanadium on soil properties, nutrient cycling and bacterial communities in contaminated acidic paddy soil. Journal of Environmental Management 2023;326(Pt A):116725. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116725. Pereira P, de Pablo H, Vale C, Pacheco M. Combined use of environmental data and biomarkers in fish (Liza aurata) inhabiting a eutrophic and metal-contaminated coastal system - Gills reflect environmental contamination. Marine Environmental Research 2010;69(2), 53-62. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2009.08.003. Pragst F, Stieglitz K, Runge H, Runow KD, Quig D, Osborne R, Runge C, Ariki J. High concentrations of lead and barium in hair of the rural population caused by water pollution in the Thar Jath oilfields in South Sudan. Forensic Science International 2017;274:99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.12.022. Putri MSA, Lou CH, Syai’in M, Ou SH, Wang YC. Long-Term River Water Quality Trends and Pollution Source Apportionment in Taiwan. Water 2018;10(10):1394. doi: 10.3390/w10101394. Qiao P, Wang S, Li J, Zhao Q, Wei Y, Lei M, Yang J, Zhang Z. Process, influencing factors, and simulation of the lateral transport of heavy metals in surface runoff in a mining area driven by rainfall: A review. Science of the Total Environment 2023;857(Pt 1):159119. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159119. Qu L, Huang H, Xia F, Liu Y, Dahlgren RA, Zhang M, Mei K. Risk analysis of heavy metal concentration in surface waters across the rural-urban interface of the Wen-Rui Tang River, China. Environmental Pollution 2018;237:639-649. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.020. Racovita AD. Titanium Dioxide: Structure, Impact, and Toxicity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2022;19(9):5681. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095681. Radke LF, Hobbs PV, Eltgroth MW. Scavenging of aerosol particles by precipitation. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 1980;19(6):715-722. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1980)019<0715:SOAPBP>2.0.CO;2. Rahimzadeh MR, Rahimzadeh MR, Kazemi S, Moghadamnia AA. Cadmium toxicity and treatment: An update. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 2017;8(3):135-145. doi: 10.22088/cjim.8.3.135. Raj D, Maiti SK. Sources, toxicity, and remediation of mercury: an essence review. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 2019;191(9):566. doi: 10.1007/s10661-019-7743-2. Rajendran S, Rathinam V, Sharma A, Vallinayagam S, Muthusamy M. Arsenic and Environment: A Systematic Review on Arsenic Sources, Uptake Mechanism in Plants, Health Hazards and Remediation Strategies. Topics in Catalysis 2024;67:325-341. doi: 10.1007/s11244-023-01901-9. Rajput VD, Minkina TM, Behal A, Sushkova SN, Mandzhieva S, Singh R, Gorovtsov A, Tsitsuashvili VS, Purvis WO, Ghazaryan KA, Movsesyan HS. Effects of zinc-oxide nanoparticles on soil, plants, animals and soil organisms: A review. Environmental Nanotechnology, Monitoring & Management 2018;9:76-84. doi:10.1016/j.enmm.2017.12.006. Rao PSP, Tiwari S, Matwale JL, et al. Sources of chemical species in rainwater during monsoon and non-monsoonal periods over two mega cities in India and dominant source region of secondary aerosols. Atmospheric Environment 2016;146:90–99. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.069. Rashid MM, Forte Tavčer P, Tomšič B. Influence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Human Health and the Environment. Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) 2021;11(9):2354. doi: 10.3390/nano11092354. Ratnaike RN. Acute and chronic arsenic toxicity. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2003;79(933):391-396. doi: 10.1136/pmj.79.933.391. Rehman MU, Khan R, Khan A, Qamar W, Arafah A, Ahmad A, Ahmad A, Akhter R, Rinklebe J, Ahmad P. Fate of arsenic in living systems: Implications for sustainable and safe food chains. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2021;417:126050. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126050. Rice KM, Walker Jr EM, Wu M, Gillette C, Blough ER. Environmental mercury and its toxic effects. Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 2014;47(2):74-83. doi: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.2.74. Rodríguez-Lado L, Sun G, Berg M, Zhang Q, Xue H, Zheng Q, Johnson CA. Groundwater arsenic contamination throughout China. Science (New York, N.Y.) 2013;341(6148):866-868. doi: 10.1126/science.1237484. Roth JA. Are there common biochemical and molecular mechanisms controlling manganism and parkisonism. Neuromolecular Medicine 2009;11(4):281-296. doi: 10.1007/s12017-009-8088-8. Roy RN. Nickel essentiality, toxicity and the mechanism of toxicity in animal. Pollution Research Paper 2021;40(1):121-128. Ruiz LM, Jensen EL, Rossel Y, Puas GI, Gonzalez-Ibanez AM, Bustos RI, Ferrick DA, Elorza AA. Non-cytotoxic copper overload boosts mitochondrial energy metabolism to modulate cell proliferation and differentiation in the human erythroleukemic cell line K562. Mitochondrion 2016;29, 18–30. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2016.04.005. Saha B, Amine A Verpoort F. Special Issue: Hexavalent Chromium: Sources, Toxicity, and Remediation. Chemistry Africa. 2022;5:3. doi: 10.1007/s42250-022-00443-z. Saha R, Nandi R, Saha B. Sources and toxicity of hexavalent chromium. Journal of Coordination Chemistry 2011;64(10):1782-1806. doi: 10.1080/00958972.2011.583646. Sakata M, Asakura K. Factors contributing to seasonal variations in wet deposition fluxes of trace elements at sites along Japan Sea coast. Atmospheric Environment 2009;43(25):3867-3875. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.05.001. Samara C, Voutsa D. Size distribution of airborne particulate matter and associated heavy metals in the roadside environment. Chemosphere 2005;59(8):1197-1206. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.061. Santamaria AB. Manganese exposure, essentiality & toxicity. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2008;128(4):484-500. Sartor JD, Boyd GB. Water pollution aspects of street surface contaminants (Report No. EPA-R2-72/081). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1972. Available at: https://reurl.cc/vpZekj. Accessed December 6, 2024. Schaumlöffel D. Nickel species: analysis and toxic effects. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology: organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS) 2012;26(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2012.01.002. Schroeder WH, Munthe J. Atmospheric mercury—An overview. Atmospheric Environment 1998;32(5):809-822. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(97)00293-8. Seinfeld JH, Pandis SN. (2016) Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken. Sharma P, Dubey RS. Lead toxicity in plants. Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology 2005;17(1):35-52. doi: 10.1590/S1677-04202005000100004. Shekhawat K, Chatterjee S, Joshi B. Chromium Toxicity and its Health Hazards. International Journal of Advanced Research 2015;3:167-172. Shi M, Geng B, Zhao T, Wang F. Influence of atmospheric deposition on surface water quality and DBP formation potential as well as control technology of rainwater DBPs: a review. Environmental Science Water Research and Technology 2021;7: 2156-2165. doi: 10.1039/D1EW00520K. Shrivastava A, Gupta VB. Methods for the determination of limit of detection and limit of quantitation of the analytical methods. Chronicles of Young Scientists 2011;2:21-25. doi: 10.4103/2229-5186.79345. Silva GND, Alves LD, Santos IED, Bila DM, Ohnuma AA, Corrêa SM. An assessment of atmospheric deposition of metals and the physico-chemical parameters of a rainwater harvesting system in Rio de Janeiro Brazil, by means of statistical multivariate analysis. Revista Ambiente & Água 2020;15(4):e2522. doi:10.4136/ambi-agua.2522. Słota M, Wąsik M, Stołtny T, Machoń-Grecka A, Kasperczyk S. Effects of environmental and occupational lead toxicity and its association with iron metabolism. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 2022;434:115794. doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115794. Smith PG, Boutin C, Knopper L. Vanadium Pentoxide Phytotoxicity: Effects of Species Selection and Nutrient Concentration. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2013;64:87-96. doi: 10.1007/s00244-012-9806-z. Spallholz JE. On the nature of selenium toxicity and carcinostatic activity. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 1994;17(1):45-64. doi: 10.1016/0891-5849(94)90007-8. Spallholz JE, Hoffman DJ. Selenium toxicity: cause and effects in aquatic birds. Aquatic Toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 2002;57(1-2):27-37. doi: 10.1016/s0166-445x(01)00268-5. Sui C, Fatichi S, Burlando P, Weber E, Battista G. Modeling distributed metal pollution transport in a mine impacted catchment: Short and long-term effects. Science of the Total Environment 2022;812:151473. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151473. Suljević D, Fočak M, Alijagic A. Assessing chromium toxicity across aquatic and terrestrial environments: a cross-species review, Drug and Chemical Toxicology 2024;47(6):1312-1324. doi: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2350660. Sun HJ, Rathinasabapathi B, Wu B, Luo J, Pu LP, Ma LQ. Arsenic and selenium toxicity and their interactive effects in humans. Environment International 2014;69:148-158. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.04.019. Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. (2022). Water quality protection information platform. Available at: https://water.moenv.gov.tw. Accessed April 20, 2025. Teien HC, Garmo OA, Atland A, Salbu B. Transformation of iron species in mixing zones and accumulation on fish gills. Environmental Science and Technology 2008;42(5):1780-1786. doi: 10.1021/es071965m. Templ M, Filzmoser P, Reimann C. Cluster analysis applied to regional geochemical data: problems and possibilities. Applied Geochemistry 2008;23(8):2198-2213. doi: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2008.03.004. Tepanosyan G, Sahakyan L, Maghakyan N, Saghatelyan A. Combination of compositional data analysis and machine learning approaches to identify sources and geochemical associations of potentially toxic elements in soil and assess the associated human health risk in a mining city. Environmental Pollution 2020;261:114210. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114210. Tian C, Gupta R, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Release Behaviors of Arsenic in Fine Particles Generated from a Typical High-Arsenic Coal at a High Temperature. Energy & Fuels 2016;30(8):6201-6209. doi: 10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00279. Timothy N, Williams ET. Environmental pollution by heavy metals: An overview. International Journal of Environmental Chemistry 2019;3(2):72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijec.20190302.14. Tinggi U. Selenium toxicity and its adverse health effects. In Reviews in Food and Nutrition Toxicity 2005;4:29-56. CRC Press. Tiwari S, Kulshrestha UC, Padmanabhamurty B. Monsoon rain chemistry and source apportionment using receptor modeling in and around National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi, India. Atmospheric Environment 2007;41(27):5595-5604. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.03.003. Tu YJ, You CF, Kuo TY. Source identification of Zn in Erren River, Taiwan: An application of Zn isotopes. Chemosphere 2020;248:126044. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126044. Tulcan RXS, Ouyang W, Lin C, He M, Wang B. Vanadium pollution and health risks in marine ecosystems: Anthropogenic sources over natural contributions. Water Research 2021;207:117838. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117838. Tuschl K, Mills PB, Clayton PT. Manganese and the brain. International Review of Neurobiology 2013;110:277-312. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-410502-7.00013-2. Ullah H, Khan RU, Tufarelli V, Laudadio V. Selenium: An Essential Micronutrient for Sustainable Dairy Cows Production. Sustainability 2020;12(24):10693. doi: 10.3390/su122410693. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2018). National primary drinking water regulations. Available at: https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/national-primary-drinking-water-regulations. Accessed April 20, 2025. Var F, Narita Y, Tanaka S. The concentration, trend and seasonal variation of metals in the atmosphere in 16 Japanese cities shown by the results of National Air Surveillance Network (NASN) from 1974 to 1996. Atmospheric Environment 2000;34:2755-2770. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00353-2. Vincent JB. Recent advances in the nutritional biochemistry of trivalent chromium. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 2004;63(1):41-47. doi: 10.1079/PNS2003315. Vithanage M, Bandara PC, Novo LAB, Kumar A, Ambade B, Naveendrakumar G, Ranagalage M, Magana-Arachchi DN. Deposition of trace metals associated with atmospheric particulate matter: Environmental fate and health risk assessment. Chemosphere 2022;303(Pt 3):135051. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135051. Waldvogel-Abramowski S, Waeber G, Gassner C, Buser A, Frey BM, Favrat B, Tissot JD. Physiology of iron metabolism. Transfusion Medicine and Hemotherapy 2014;41(3):213-21. doi: 10.1159/000362888. Wang DY, Wang Y. Phenotypic and behavioral defects caused by barium exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2008;54(3):447-453. doi: 10.1007/s00244-007-9050-0. Wang M, Chen Z, Song W, Hong D, Huang L, Li Y. A review on Cadmium Exposure in the Population and Intervention Strategies Against Cadmium Toxicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2021;106(1):65-74. doi: 10.1007/s00128-020-03088-1. Wang S, Zhang B, Li T, Li Z, Fu J. Soil vanadium(V)-reducing related bacteria drive community response to vanadium pollution from a smelting plant over multiple gradients. Environment International 2020;138:105630. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105630. Wang S, Wang J, Liu Z, Zhang B. Unraveling diverse survival strategies of microorganisms to vanadium stress in aquatic environments. Water Research 2022;221: 118813. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118813. Wang X, Sato T, Xing B, Tamamura S, Tao S. Source Identification, Size Distribution and Indicator Screening of Airborne Trace Metals in Kanazawa, Japan. Journal of Aerosol Science 2005;36:197-210. doi: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2004.08.005. Wang X, Qin Y, Qin J, Long X, Qi T, Chen R, Xiao K, Tan J. Spectroscopic insight into the pH-dependent interactions between atmospheric heavy metals (Cu and Zn) and water-soluble organic compounds in PM2.5. Science of the Total Environment. 2021;767:145261. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145261. Wang Y, Zhu X, Lao Y, Lv X, Tao Y, Huang B, Wang J, Zhou J, Cai Z. TiO2 nanoparticles in the marine environment: Physical effects responsible for the toxicity on algae Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Science of the Total Environment 2016;565:818-826. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.03.164. Wani AL, Ara A, Usmani JA. Lead toxicity: a review. Interdisciplinary Toxicology 2015;8(2):55-64. doi: 10.1515/intox-2015-0009. Whiteman CD, Hoch SW, Horel JD, Charland A. Relationship between particular air pollution and meteorological variables in Utah's Salt Lake Valley. Atmospheric Environment. 2014;94:742-753. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.06.012. World Health Organization (2004). Manganese in drinking-water: Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality (WHO/SDE/WSH/03.04/104).Available at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/wash-documents/wash-chemicals/manganese-background-document.pdf. Accessed December 6, 2024. World Health Organization. (2022). Guidelines for drinking-water quality (4th ed.). Available at: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241549950. Accessed April 20, 2025. World Meteorological Organization (2023). Guide to instruments and methods of observation: Volume I – Measurement of meteorological variables (WMO-No. 8). Available at: https://library.wmo.int/records/item/68695-guide-to-instruments-and-methods-of-observation. Accessed December 6, 2024. Wu B, Zhao DY, Jia HY, Zhang Y, Zhang XX, Cheng SP. Preliminary risk assessment of trace metal pollution in surface water from Yangtze River in Nanjing Section, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. 2009;82(4):405-409. doi: 10.1007/s00128-008-9497-3. Wu Y, Lu B, Zhu X, Wang A, Yang M, Gu S, Wang X, Leng P, Zierold KM, Li X, Tang KK, Fang L, Huang R, Xu G, Chen L. Seasonal Variations, Source Apportionment, and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in PM2.5 in Ningbo, China. Aerosol and Air Quality Research 2019;19:2083-2092. doi: 10.4209/aaqr.2018.12.0452. Xiao XY, Wang MW, Zhu HW, Guo ZH, Han XQ, Zeng P. Response of soil microbial activities and microbial community structure to vanadium stress. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2017;142:200-206. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.047. Xie JJ, Yuan CG, Xie J. Shen YW, Zha DW, Zhang KG, Zhu HT. Fraction distribution of arsenic in different-sized atmospheric particulate matters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019;26:30826-30835. doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06176-w. Xie S. Water contamination due to hexavalent chromium and its health impacts: exploring green technology for Cr (VI) remediation. Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 2024;17(1): 2356614. doi: 10.1080/17518253.2024.2356614. Xu MJ, Yang J, Ren XJ, Zhao HY, Gao FY, Jiang YJ. Temporal-spatial Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Surface Water of Ningbo. Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2023;44(3):1407-1415. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202202195. Yan G, Gao Y, Xue K, Qi Y, Fan Y, Tian X, Wang J, Zhao R, Zhang P, Liu Y, Liu J. Toxicity mechanisms and remediation strategies for chromium exposure in the environment. Frontiers in Environmental Science 2023;11:1131204. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1131204. Yang L, Li J, Zhou K, Feng P, Dong L. The effects of surface pollution on urban river water quality under rainfall events in Wuqing district, Tianjin, China. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021;293:126136. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126136. Yang W, Zhang J, Mei S, Krebs P. Impact of antecedent dry-weather period and rainfall magnitude on the performance of low impact development practices in urban flooding and non-point pollution mitigation. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021;320:128946. doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128946. Yeh G, Lin C, Nguyen DH, Hoang HG, Shern JC, Hsiao PJ. A five-year investigation of water quality and heavy metal mass flux of an industrially affected river. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2022;29:12465-1247. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13149-5. Yuan Y, Hall K, Oldham C. A preliminary model for predicting heavy metal contaminant loading from an urban catchment. Science of the Total Environment 2001;266:299-307. doi: 10.1016/s0048-9697(00)00728-2. Yusuf M, Fariduddin Q, Hayat S, Ahmad A. Nickel: an overview of uptake, essentiality and toxicity in plants. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 2011;86(1):1-17. doi: 10.1007/s00128-010-0171-1. Yuval, Tritscher T, Raz R, Levi Y, Levy I, Broday DM. Emissions vs. turbulence and atmospheric stability: A study of their relative importance in determining air pollutant concentrations. Science of the Total Environment 2020;733:139300. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139300. Zahir F, Rizwi SJ, Haq SK, Khan RH. Low dose mercury toxicity and human health. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology 2005;20(2):351-360. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.03.007. Zeng J, Han G, Zhang S, Zhang Q, Qu R. Potentially toxic elements in rainwater during extreme rainfall period in the megacity Beijing: Variations, sources, and reuse potential. Atmospheric Environment 2024;318:120242. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.120242. Zhang JP, Zhu T, Zhang HQ, Li CC, Shu HL, Ying Y, Dai ZP, Wang X, Liu XY, Liang AM, Shen HX, Yi BQ. The impact of circulation patterns on regional transport pathways and air quality over Beijing and its surroundings. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 2012;12:5031-5053. doi: 10.5194/acp-12-5031-2012. Zhang J, Hua P, Krebs P. Influences of land use and antecedent dry-weather period on pollution level and ecological risk of heavy metals in road-deposited sediment. Environmental Pollution 2017;228:158-168. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.05.029. Zhang L, Zhao B, Xu G, Guan Y. Characterizing fluvial heavy metal pollutions under different rainfall conditions: Implication for aquatic environment protection. Science of the Total Environment 2018;635:1495-1506. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.211. Zhang T, Wang Y, Ma X, Ouyang Z, Deng L, Shen S, Dong X, Du N, Dong H, Guo Z, Meng G, Piao F, Sun K. Melatonin Alleviates Copper Toxicity via Improving ROS Metabolism and Antioxidant Defense Response in Tomato Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) 2022;11(4):758. doi: 10.3390/antiox11040758. Zhang X, Eto Y, Aikawa M. Risk assessment and management of PM2.5-bound heavy metals in the urban area of Kitakyushu, Japan. Science of the Total Environment 2021;795:148748. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148748. Zhao S, Yu Y, He J, Yin D, Wang B. Below-cloud scavenging of aerosol particles by precipitation in a typical valley city, northwestern China. Atmospheric Environment 2015;102:70-78. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.051. Zhi M, Zhang X, Zhang K, Ussher SJ, Lv W, Li J, Gao J, Luo Y, Meng F. The characteristics of atmospheric particles and metal elements during winter in Beijing: Size distribution, source analysis, and environmental risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2021;211:111937. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111937. 臺北市政府工務局水利工程處（2010）。《臺北市雨水下水道設施規劃設計規範》 Available at: https://www.rootlaw.com.tw/LawArticle.aspx?LawID=B010060071001600-0990610. Accessed May 14, 2025. 范雅琪。Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Mercury and Heavy Metals in Wet Deposition in Taiwan。國立中央大學碩士論文。2011。 交通部中央氣象署(2020)：氣象常識問答集. Available at: https://www.cwa.gov.tw/Data/service/notice/download/publish_20200310092437.pdf. Accessed December 6, 2024. 經濟部水利署 第十河川分署(2022)：新店溪簡介. Available at: https://www.wra10.gov.tw/cp.aspx?n=32495. Accessed December 10, 2024. 經濟部水利署 第十河川分署(2024)：南勢溪簡介. Available at: https://www.wra.gov.tw/NewsRiverNoun_Content.aspx?n=25142&s=30. Accessed May 14, 2025. 經濟部水利署 水文資訊網. Available at: https://gweb.wra.gov.tw/HydroInfoMobile/ Accessed May 14, 2025. 翡翠水庫運轉資料, 2024. Available at: https://w3.feitsui.gov.tw/OpData.aspx?SP=SP_DSP_006&YM=2024/09. Accessed May 14, 2025. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/99901 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 隨著都市化與工業發展的加速，空氣中微量金屬污染已成為日益嚴重的環境問題。除空氣污染之外，降雨沖刷將空氣中金屬污染物帶至河川的影響程度仍有待進一步瞭解。
本研究旨在探討降雨對空氣中微量金屬的沖刷效應，並推估其對新店溪水源區上游河川中金屬濃度的潛在影響。研究選取2025年一月與五月兩場具代表性的降雨事件，分別代表鋒面型與對流型降雨特徵，並依據降雨強度進行不同頻率的雨水採樣，一月為每30分鐘，五月為每15分鐘。共分析雨水中14種金屬 (Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Se、Cd、Ba、Hg、Pb)，並利用感應耦合電漿質譜儀 (ICP-MS) 進行定量分析。再透過指數衰減模型估算金屬濃度隨時間下降的速率 (b值) ，並以K-means群聚分析將各金屬依其b值進行分類。 結果顯示，降雨強度為影響金屬沖刷效率的關鍵因素。五月的對流性降雨強度高、時間短，多數金屬呈現較高的b值，如Ti = 12.3、Ba = 7.80、Mn = 7.48，顯示沖刷效率較佳；而一月的長時間鋒面降雨則相對較低。此外，Hg與Se在兩場事件中均展現穩定且偏低的b值，顯示其在大氣中具高度穩定性。 透過質量守恆推估，雖然一月雨水中的金屬濃度較高，但由於較大之逕流體積與河川流量，其稀釋效應明顯，導致推估之河川金屬濃度相對較低。反之，五月事件雖然雨水濃度較低，但因為徑流體積及河川水體積較小，導致其相對稀釋能力較低，對河川金屬濃度的提升影響更為顯著。群聚分析將14種金屬依其沖刷行為模式分為三類：第一類為Ti、Mn、Ba；第二類為Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd、Fe；第三類為As、Se、Hg、V，可反應其在大氣中的物理化學特性與潛在污染來源。研究結果有助於深入理解濕沉降過程中金屬動態行為，並可作為污染源解析與都市河川水質管理之參考依據。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | With rapid urbanization and industrial development, airborne metal pollution has become an escalating environmental concern, posing threats to both ecosystems and human health. Although rainfall acts as a natural mechanism for removing atmospheric pollutants, the atmospheric washout of airborne metals by rainfall remains insufficiently understood.
This study investigated the washout behaviors of 14 metals, including Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ba, Hg, and Pb, during two rainfall events in January and May 2025, representing different precipitation characteristics. Rainwater samples were collected and analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The exponential decline model was applied to quantify concentration reduction over time (b values), and K-means clustering was conducted to classify the metals based on their temporal profiles. Results indicated that rainfall intensity significantly influenced metal washout efficiency. The high-intensity, short-duration convective rainfall in May resulted in higher b values for most metals, for example, Ti = 12.3, Ba = 7.80, and Mn = 7.48, compared to the low-intensity, long-duration frontal rainfall in January. Hg and Se consistently exhibited low b values in both events, suggesting high atmospheric persistence. Mass balance estimations further revealed that, despite higher rainwater metal concentrations in January, the larger rainfall runoff volume and river discharge diluted the inputs more effectively, resulting in lower estimated river concentrations. Conversely, lower rainwater concentrations in May, combined with lower rainfall runoff and river volume, resulted in elevated riverine metal concentrations due to limited dilution. Cluster analysis grouped the metals into three categories based on their washout behaviors, offering insight into their atmospheric characteristics and potential emission sources. These findings enhance the understanding of metal dynamics during wet deposition and offer practical implications for source identification and water quality management in urban watersheds. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-09-19T16:14:39Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-09-19T16:14:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 i
中文摘要 ii Abstract iii Contents v List of Figures viii List of Tables ix Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Study aims 2 Chapter 2 Literature Review 3 2.1 The impact of atmospheric circulation on the transport and distribution of airborne metals 3 2.2 Wet deposition 5 2.2.1 Definition and classification 5 2.2.2 Rainfall types in Taiwan 7 2.2.3 Chemical characteristics of wet deposition 9 2.2.4 Mechanisms of wet deposition in scavenging air pollutants 10 2.3 Metals 11 2.3.1 Titanium (Ti) 11 2.3.2 Vanadium (V) 12 2.3.3 Chromium (Cr) 13 2.3.4 Manganese (Mn) 14 2.3.5 Iron (Fe) 15 2.3.6 Nickel (Ni) 17 2.3.7 Copper (Cu) 18 2.3.8 Zinc (Zn) 19 2.3.9 Arsenic (As) 20 2.3.10 Selenium (Se) 21 2.3.11 Cadmium (Cd) 22 2.3.12 Barium (Ba) 23 2.3.13 Mercury (Hg) 24 2.3.14 Lead (Pb) 25 2.4 Metal concentrations in the atmosphere, rainwater, and river water 26 2.5 Common statistical methods used for the analysis of environmental metal concentrations 35 Chapter 3 Materials and Methods 37 3.1 Water sample collection 37 3.1.1 Materials and equipment 37 3.1.2 Sampling sites 37 3.1.3 Sampling procedures 40 3.2 Metals analysis 43 3.2.1 Standards, chemicals, and materials 43 3.2.2 Preparation of calibration curves 44 3.2.3 Sample preparation 44 3.3 Instrumental analysis 45 3.4 Detection limits 47 3.5 Quality assurance and quality control 47 3.6 Statistical methods and concentration estimation 48 Chapter 4 Results 51 4.1 Comparison of hourly precipitation in January and May rainfall events 51 4.2 Variations in metal concentrations in rainwater 52 4.2.1 Characteristics of rainwater 52 4.2.2 Trends of metal concentrations in rainwater during the rainfall event 55 4.3 Exponential decline model of heavy metal concentrations in rainwater 58 4.4 Comparison and classification of metal concentration decline rates between January and May rainwater samples 65 4.5 Estimated impact of rainfall events on metal concentrations in the Nanshi River 67 Chapter 5 Discussion 73 5.1 Temporal declining behavior of metal concentrations 73 5.1.1 Seasonal difference in the decline rate of metals 73 5.1.2 Classification of metals based on temporal decline trends 76 5.2 Evaluation of rainfall-driven contributions to the metal concentrations in the river system 81 Chapter 6 Conclusions 85 References 86 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 水源 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 金屬群聚分析 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 微量金屬 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 濕沉降 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 降雨沖刷 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 指數衰減模型 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | exponential decline model | en |
| dc.subject | water source | en |
| dc.subject | metal | en |
| dc.subject | metal clustering analysis | en |
| dc.subject | wet deposition | en |
| dc.subject | rainfall washout | en |
| dc.title | 降雨沖刷空氣中微量金屬及其對新店溪水源區金屬濃度影響之推估 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Metal Washout from Rainfall and its Estimated Impact on Metal Concentrations in the Water Source Area of the Xindian River | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳章甫;潘宗毅 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Chang-Fu Wu;Tsung-Yi Pan | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 微量金屬,水源,降雨沖刷,濕沉降,指數衰減模型,金屬群聚分析, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | metal,water source,rainfall washout,wet deposition,exponential decline model,metal clustering analysis, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 121 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202502689 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-07-31 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2025-09-20 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境與職業健康科學研究所 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-113-2.pdf 授權僅限NTU校內IP使用（校園外請利用VPN校外連線服務） | 19.14 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。