民眾失智症知識、正向態度與知覺社區意識對於其對失智症患者友善行為意圖之關聯：以台北市為例

Abstract

研究背景： 全球人口高齡化，失智症成為當今不容忽視的公共衛生議題。世界衛生組織推動失智友善相關策略，強調提升公眾認知與態度的重要性。台灣的人口結構正快速轉變為超高齡型態，失智症人口比例逐年增長。由於大多數失智症患者都在社區生活，因此社區民眾的失智症識能表現和社區意識不僅影響失智症家庭的生活品質，也影響失智友善社會的建立。然而，相關的研究在國內外仍然有限。因此，本研究欲探討民眾的失智症知識、正向態度、知覺社區意識與其對失智症患者的友善行為意圖的關聯性，並進一步探討知覺社區意識在失智症知識、正向態度和對失智症患者的行為意圖之間的調節中介作用。 研究目的： 本研究旨在探討台北市社區民眾的失智症知識、失智症正向態度與知覺社區意識如何影響其對失智症患者的友善行為意圖，接著分析失智症正向態度是否在知識與行為意圖之間扮演中介角色，並進一步了解知覺社區意識是否在其中調節正向態度和行為意圖的關係。 研究方法： 本研究採橫斷式研究法，透過網路問卷收集研究數據，調查對象為居住在台北市且年滿18歲的民眾。問卷內容包括：失智症知識量表（DKAS-s）、失智症態度量表（DAS-6）、社區意識量表（SCI-2）、對失智症患者的友善行為意圖以及人口學資料等。 研究結果： 本研究共收集3,259份資料，涵蓋台北市12個行政區。研究結果發現失智症知識、失智症正向態度、知覺社區意識和對失智症患者的友善行為意圖兩兩之間均呈顯著正相關。在中介效果的分析中發現，知識會透過正向態度間接影響友善行為意圖，整體模型為完全中介。此外，知覺社區意識能夠增進友善行為意圖，也負向調節正向態度對行為意圖的影響，即當知覺社區意識較高時，失智症正向態度對行為意圖的影響力減弱。 結論： 本研究結果指出，提升民眾的失智症知識與正向態度，對於促進失智友善行為意圖至關重要，尤其是正向態度。此外，提升知覺社區意識有助於增進民眾的友善行為意圖，但也可能減弱態度對行為意圖的影響。未來政策應關注如何透過教育推廣提升公眾的失智症識能與正向態度，並營造更友善的社區環境，以促進全民參與失智症友善行動。

Background: With global population aging, dementia has emerged as a crucial public health issue. The World Health Organization emphasizes enhancing public knowledge and attitudes toward dementia. Taiwan’s population structure is rapidly shifting toward a super-aged society, with dementia cases increasing annually. Since most people with dementia live within communities, residents' dementia awareness and sense of community could influence quality of life and development of dementia-friendly societies. The present study aimed to investigate the association among dementia knowledge, positive attitudes, perceived sense of community, and dementia-friendly behavioral intentions, examining perceived sense of community as a moderating mediator. Objectives: This study investigated how dementia knowledge, positive attitudes, and perceived sense of community affect residents' friendly behavioral intentions toward people with dementia. This study also assesses the mediating role of positive attitudes, and examines the moderating effect of perceived sense of community. Methods: A cross-sectional research method was adopted to collect data via a web-based questionnaire. Respondents were residents aged 18 or older live in Taipei City. Questionnaires included dementia knowledge (DKAS-s), positive attitudes (DAS-6), perceived sense of community (SCI-2), friendly behavioral intentions toward people with dementia, and demographics. Results: A total of 3,259 responses were collected. The findings indicated positive correlations among dementia knowledge, positive attitudes, perceived sense of community, and dementia-friendly behavioral intentions. Mediation analysis showed that dementia knowledge indirectly influenced behavioral intentions through positive attitudes, indicating a complete mediation model. Additionally, perceived sense of community was found to enhance dementia-friendly behavioral intentions but negatively moderated the relationship between positive attitudes and behavioral intentions—suggesting that when perceived community consciousness is higher, the influence of positive attitudes on behavioral intentions is diminished. Conclusion: Improving dementia knowledge and positive attitudes is crucial for encouraging dementia-friendly behaviors, especially positive attitudes. Enhancing perceived sense of community can help enhance the intention to engage in friendly behaviors, but might reduce attitudes' direct influence. Future policies should focus on educational initiatives to improve public dementia literacy and foster positive attitudes, while also creating dementia-friendly community environments to encourage widespread public engagement.