實驗室溫室氣體盤查計畫

Abstract

研究背景 溫室氣體造成氣候變遷，引發傳染病及非傳染病等健康衝擊；為減緩其影響並達成淨零排放，氣候變遷因應法規定各行業需進行溫室氣體排放盤查，並研擬減量對策。本研究以一教學實驗室為評估邊界，進行溫室氣體盤查作業，鑑別溫室氣體排放來源以及排放量。 研究方法 本研究以國立臺灣大學生理學學生實驗室為評估邊界，依據〈溫室氣體盤查標準ISO 14064-1〉於114年1月至3月間進行盤查。我們根據各排放源之消耗功率與使用時間，搭配環境部公告之排放係數及聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)第五次評估報告之全球暖化潛勢(GWP)，以「排放係數法」推算溫室氣體排放量，建立溫室氣體排放清冊。我們亦進一步比較實驗室在有無人員使用狀態下，溫室氣體排放源及排放量差異，探討人為活動造成的差異。 研究結果 結果顯示生理學學生實驗室主要溫室氣體排放源為冷媒逸散及電力消耗。在無人使用實驗室下，計有7種溫室氣體排放源，其排放量為355.806公斤CO2e；在有人使用實驗室下，計有12種溫室氣體排放源，其排放量為592.869公斤CO2e，不論在有無使用狀態下，電力間接排放均占整體溫室氣體排放九成以上，其中以大型恆溫防潮櫃排放量最高（221.9443公斤CO2e）。 研究結論 本研究發現電力消耗為實驗室最主要溫室氣體排放來源，且恆溫防潮櫃最為耗電。建議實驗室可更換成具有節能標章的電器設備、控制實驗操作時間，並適時調節設備使用頻率；未來規劃實驗室地點時選擇環境溼度較低的位置，以避免額外的耗電需求與溫室氣體排放。

Background Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission causes climate change, which induces significant health impacts. Under Taiwan’s Climate Change Response Act, all sectors must produce GHG emissions inventories and develop reduction strategies. This study evaluated the GHG emissions in a laboratory and the impact of human activities. Methods We followed ISO 14064-1:2018 standard to conduct the GHG inventory from January to March of 2025. The assessment boundary was the Physiology Student Laboratory at National Taiwan University. GHG emission was estimated using the Emission Factor Method, calculating emissions from each source based on power consumption, duration of use, emission factors, and the Global Warming Potential. We also compared emissions during periods with different laboratory personnel activities to explore the impact of human activity on GHG emissions. Results Indirect emissions due to electricity consumption accounted for more than 90% of total GHG emissions. Among all equipment, the large temperature-controlled dehumidification cabinet contributed the highest emission (221.9443 kg CO₂e). During the inactive periods without student activities, seven emission sources produced 355.806 kg CO₂e; in contrast, the total emissions increased to 592.869 kg CO₂e from 12 sources during active periods with personnel usage. Conclusion Our study showed that electricity consumption was the primary source of GHG emissions in the laboratory, and the temperature-controlled dehumidification cabinet was the most energy-intensive equipment. Laboratories may consider replacing equipment with more energy-efficient models to reduce carbon emissions. Future laboratories should be located in areas with lower ambient humidity to further minimize electricity consumption.