農家子弟農場經營意願影響因素之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討影響農家子弟農場經營意願之關鍵因素，並建構一套結合理論與實務的解釋模型。臺灣農業長期以中小型家庭農場為經營主體，然面臨人口高齡化與青年斷層挑戰，家庭農場能否持續經營與順利傳承，成為農業永續發展的重要課題。農家子弟作為最具潛力的經營承接者，其是否願意投入農場經營，不僅受主觀態度影響，更與其對農業的認同、可感受到的環境支持，以及家族連結與身份認同息息相關。本研究整合計劃行為理論與社會認同理論，檢驗農場經營態度、環境支持對農場經營意願之影響，並納入農業認同與家庭農場認同作為調節變項。研究對象為具農家子弟身份背景者，並以大專院校學生與青年農民為主，採量化問卷調查法，回收有效樣本 317 份。資料分析包含描述性統計、因素與信度分析、t 檢定、多元線性迴歸與階層迴歸。 研究結果顯示，農場經營態度、制度支持與人際支持皆對農場經營意願具有顯著影響效果，農場經營態度的解釋力最為顯著。農業認同與家庭農場認同則展現顯著調節作用，分別強化支持資源對行為意願的正向效果。此外，交叉分析發現，農業工作經驗與家庭農場接管意願等背景條件，與大多數構面間皆呈現顯著且一致性差異，顯示其為區辨農業參與傾向的重要變項。本研究補足現行政策對青年農業行為意願與認同歷程的理解不足，並對未來農政設計提出實務建議，特別強調應同時關注心理動機、制度環境與家族文化的整合性介入，以提升農家子弟經營家庭農場的行動意願與接續穩定性。

This study explores the key psychological and social factors influencing the willingness of farm successors in Taiwan to manage family farms. As Taiwan's agriculture is primarily composed of small to medium-sized family farms, aging farmers and the lack of young successors have raised concerns regarding sustainable farm operation and succession. Children from farming families, as potential successors, face complex interactions of personal attitudes, agricultural identity, perceived support, and emotional ties to the family farm. Integrating the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Identity Theory (SIT), this study examines how farm management attitude and environmental support affect the intention to manage farms, with agricultural identity and family farm identification included as moderators. The research participants were individuals with family farming backgrounds, primarily consisting of university students and young farmers. Analytical methods included descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, t-tests, multiple linear regression, and hierarchical regression. The results indicate that farm management attitude, institutional support, and interpersonal support all significantly influence the intention to manage farms, with farm attitude showing the strongest explanatory power. Agricultural identity and family farm identification demonstrated significant moderating effects, strengthening the positive impact of environmental support. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that respondents’ farm experience and succession intention are strongly associated with multiple key constructs, highlighting their distinguishing role in farm career decision-making. This study contributes to theoretical understanding and policy development by emphasizing the integrated roles of psychological motivation, institutional context, and familial identity in promoting sustainable family farm management among the younger generation.