人犬遊憩衝突之使用者感知與空間分佈研究：以陽明山國家公園為例

Abstract

陽明山國家公園作為開放寵物狗入園的休閒場所，具有犬隻飼主與非飼主共享空間的特性。過去曾有新聞報導寵物狗騷擾或攻擊遊客的事件，引發對飼主責任、遊客安全與體驗品質的關注。然而，現有研究較少聚焦於飼主與非飼主對寵物狗干擾行為的衝突感受、應對行為以及調查行為發生地點的實際分佈。 本研究以陽明山國家公園為研究場域，從個人與環境兩方面探討寵物狗引發的遊憩衝突現象，並透過兩部份研究進行調查。研究一探討遊客遭遇寵物狗干擾行為的個人心理反應機制，以變項間的假設驗證進行分析；研究二探討遊客遭遇寵物狗干擾行為的實際應用，調查寵物狗干擾行為的發生地點，並提供管理單位建議。 研究一為網路問卷調查，針對衝突敏感性、遊憩衝突與調適行為間的關係進行結構方程模型分析，並區分飼主與非飼主進行比較。結果發現，飼主的衝突敏感性與遊憩衝突之間無顯著關係，但遊憩衝突會正向影響其調適行為；非飼主則呈現衝突敏感性正向影響遊憩衝突，且遊憩衝突正向影響其調適行為。此外，兩群體在衝突感受上的差異具非對稱性。研究二則透過現地問卷蒐集遊客實際經驗，調查寵物狗干擾行為的發生位置，以辨識衝突地點。結果顯示，干擾行為主要集中於步道交會處及熱門遊憩區域。 研究亦發現，遊客對管理改善的期待多集中於加強飼主責任、引導遊客行為及進行空間調整。值得注意的是，雖然調查結果顯示大多數干擾屬於社會價值衝突，遊客所偏好的管理方式卻較傾向於應對人際衝突的策略，如禁止規範與空間分隔。這反應出實務管理上，僅以衝突類型對應策略可能難以完全回應民眾需求。 綜合以上，本研究從個人與環境的角度作切入，完整呈現遊客對寵物狗干擾行為的衝突感知、調適行為與空間分佈，期望能作為陽明山國家公園在未來制定相關管理措施時的重要參考。

Yangmingshan National Park, as a recreational area that allows pet dogs, features shared spaces between dog guardians and non-guardians. Previous news reports have highlighted incidents of dogs harassing or attacking visitors, raising concerns about owner responsibility, visitor safety, and the quality of the recreational experience. However, existing research has rarely focused on the conflict perceptions, coping behaviors, and spatial distribution of pet-related disturbances from both dog guardians and non-guardians. This study investigates pet-related recreational conflict in Yangmingshan National Park from both individual and environmental perspectives, using a two-part research design. Study 1 explores visitors’ psychological responses to pet-related disturbances through hypothesis testing among key variables. Study 2 examines the real-world occurrence of pet-related disturbances by identifying their spatial distribution and providing management recommendations. Study 1 utilized an online questionnaire to analyze the relationships among conflict sensitivity, perceived conflict, and coping behavior using structural equation modeling. Comparisons were made between dog guardians and non-guardians. Results showed that for dog guardians, conflict sensitivity was not significantly related to perceived conflict, though perceived conflict positively influenced coping behavior. In contrast, for non-guardians, conflict sensitivity positively affected perceived conflict, which in turn positively affected coping behavior. Notably, the two groups exhibited asymmetrical differences in perceived conflict. Study 2 conducted an on-site survey to collect visitors’ actual experiences and identify the locations of pet-related disturbances. Results indicated that disturbances were mainly concentrated at trail intersections and popular recreational areas. The study also found that visitors’ expectations for improved management focused on enhancing owner responsibility, guiding visitor behavior, and implementing spatial adjustments. Interestingly, while most reported conflicts were value-based, preferred management strategies leaned toward those typically used for interpersonal conflicts, such as regulation and spatial separation. This suggests that matching strategies strictly to conflict types may not fully meet public needs in practice. In sum, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of visitors’ perceptions of pet-related disturbances, coping behaviors, and spatial patterns. The findings aim to support Yangmingshan National Park in developing more effective management strategies.