都市公園綠地植被組成對蝴蝶組成影響之研究

Abstract

臺灣擁有豐富且複雜的蝶相組成，然而蝴蝶和許多生物相同，面臨都市化帶來的棲地破壞，族群存續受到威脅。近年許多研究紀錄到蝴蝶利用都市綠地植栽作為成蝶蜜源及幼蟲寄主，都市公園遂具有成為蝴蝶重要棲地的潛力。蝴蝶因其幼生期需攝取特定至數種植物作為寄主植物進而與植物生長環境及棲地特徵產生相關。然而過去在都市綠地與蝶類的相關研究中，大多針對都市化程度、土地覆蓋、綠地類型、植被結構組成進行探討，其中植被結構組成相關研究偏重蜜源植物，決定蝶類幼生期是否可能於綠地內發育成長的寄主植物鮮少進行探討。本研究選擇臺北市十四個公園綠地作為研究地點，以穿越線調查法紀錄公園蝶相、透過植物相調查了解公園寄主與蜜源植物相、使用ImageJ計算各類寄主與蜜源植物覆蓋面積。探討都市綠地寄主與蜜源植被組成對蝶類組成的影響。研究結果顯示，都市綠地內寄主植物和蜜源植物皆與都市綠地蝶相呈正相關。顯示都市綠地內寄主植物和蜜源植物皆是影響都市綠地蝶相的因素。不論是蝶類整體多樣性和各科蝶類多樣性，因各科蝶類生態習性差異，皆受到不同生長型的寄主植物及蜜源植物影響。

Taiwan supports a rich and complex butterfly fauna. However, like many other organisms, butterflies face increasing threats from habitat loss driven by urbanization. In recent years, there have been many studies recorded butterflies using urban green space plantings as nectar sources and host plants, so urban parks have the potential to become important habitats for butterfly populations. Butterflies’ larvae need to ingest specific to several kinds of plants as host plants , which are related to plant growth environment and habitat characteristics. However, past studies mostly focused on urbanization levels, land cover, green spaces types, and vegetation structure composition. Among studies related to vegetation structure composition have primarily emphasized nectar plants. Host plants, which determine whether larvae can develop within urban green spaces, were rarely discussed. This study selected fourteen parks in Taipei as study sites, used transect survey to observe the butterflies fauna and plant surveys to understand the composition of host and nectar plants. Using ImageJ software to calculate the coverage of different types of host and nectar plants. The aim was to assess how host and nectar plants composition influences butterfly fauna in urban green spaces. The results showed that both host and nectar plants significantly are positively correlated with urban butterfly fauna. Both host and nectar plants in urban green spaces play crucial roles in shaping urban butterfly fauna. Both the overall butterfly diversity or the diversity of specific butterfly families, different host and nectar plant growth forms affect each butterfly family differently due to their unique ecological habits.