應用慣性測量單元與間段計時系統於競技游泳之效益分析

Abstract

隨著運動科學日益數據化與科技化，頂尖運動員除長期訓練外，也依賴生物力學與高科技設備進行技術與體能分析。然而，目前游泳運動科技領域仍缺乏可於低干擾條件下，持續量測從起跳至觸牆之速度與動作的完整系統。本研究旨在建構一套高解析、易操作之量測架構，結合慣性測量單元（IMU）、高速攝影與自製水中位置偵測系統，解決游泳複雜動作之多面向分析。透過座標轉換與速度演算法處理 IMU大量數據。萃取及有效量化五大指標：(1) 游泳間段時間與瞬時速度、(2)划手協調指數（IdC）、(3) 手部推進力、(4) 軀幹旋轉與划手週期之時序關係、(5) Vasa陸上檢測系統與游泳運動的關聯。結果顯示，自製分段計時系統能準確記錄全程位移與速度變化，IMU可量化每次划手週期，並計算前進瞬時速度與游泳時脊椎三維的尤拉角變化，也可運用加速度訊號分析不同的划手階段所產生的推進效益。總結而言，本研究系統提供水中技術動作量化新途徑，未來希望應用於各層級選手的游泳表現評估，及比較選手姿勢差異、效益差異，並提升選手在競技過程自我動作要求的敏銳度。

As sports science becomes increasingly data-driven and technology-based, elite athletes now depend not only on intensive training but also on biomechanical tools and advanced systems for performance analysis. However, current swimming technologies still lack a minimally intrusive system capable of continuously measuring speed and movement from dive start to wall touch.This study presents a high-resolution and user-friendly measurement framework that integrates inertial measurement units (IMUs), high-speed cameras, and a custom underwater positioning system to analyze complex swimming motions. Through coordinate transformation and velocity algorithms, IMU data were processed to extract five key indicators: (1) sectional time and instantaneous velocity, (2) index of coordination (IdC), (3) hand propulsion force, (4) timing between trunk rotation and stroke cycle, and (5) the relationship between Vasa dry-land testing and swimming performance.Results show that the system accurately tracks displacement and velocity, quantifies stroke cycles, estimates instantaneous speed, and captures spinal 3D Euler angle variations. Acceleration signals were also used to assess propulsion effectiveness during different stroke phases. Overall, this system offers a new approach to quantifying underwater technique and has the potential to support performance evaluation across swimmer levels, enabling comparisons of stroke efficiency and enhancing athletes’ awareness of technical execution.