數據驅動之時間電價制度改善

Abstract

台灣電力市場面臨能源高度依賴進口及尖峰負載壓力等挑戰，自2015年起推行時間電價試點，採用三級電價結構配合需量反應措施，目的為引導負載轉移並提升電網效率。然而，截至2025年 6月，住宅用戶參與率偏低，主因為智慧電表布建進度緩慢，僅39%的台灣電力公司客戶完成安裝。研究比較美國加州、日本TEPCO、新加坡等國際時間電價實施經驗，發現台灣現行制度在尖峰時段劃定與費率價差設計上存在改善空間。本研究探討智慧電表數據驅動下時間電價制度的改善策略。台灣智慧電表系統採用P6介面協定進行時間電價日曆遠端設定，技術架構已與國際接軌。本研究建議優化時間電價結構，提供更多元化的時段選擇，針對不同用戶類型設計差異化費率方案，並加速智慧電表布建，以提升系統效率、促進用戶參與度，並實現電網穩定與能源轉型的雙重目標。

Taiwan's energy market faces challenges including high dependence on energy imports and peak load pressures. Since 2015, time-of-use (TOU) pricing pilot programs have been implemented, adopting a three-tier pricing structure combined with demand response measures, aimed at guiding load shifting and improving grid efficiency. However, as of June 2025, residential customer participation rates remain low, primarily due to the slow deployment of smart meters, with only 39% of Taiwan Power Company customers having completed installation. Research comparing international TOU pricing implementation experiences from California, Japan's TEPCO, Singapore, and other regions reveals that Taiwan's current system has room for improvement in peak period designation and rate differential design. This study explores improvement strategies for TOU pricing systems driven by smart meter data. Taiwan's smart meter system adopts the P6 interface protocol for remote TOU pricing calendar configuration, with technical architecture already aligned with international standards. This study recommends optimizing the TOU pricing structure by providing more diversified time period options, designing differentiated rate schemes for different customer types, and accelerating smart meter deployment to enhance system efficiency, promote customer participation, and achieve the dual objectives of grid stability and energy transition.