羽毛蛋白水解液及植物生長調節劑對青蔥栽培及土壤微生物相評估

Abstract

青蔥 (Allium fistulosum L.) 栽培已有多年歷史，是亞洲人餐桌上不可或缺的點綴。在臺灣，青蔥栽培導入作物整合管理的概念，從耕作技術、肥培管理到病蟲害防治已有成熟完善的規劃與管理建議，然目前仍以使用化學肥料為主，而化肥使用潛在許多隱憂，像是農田間生態失衡導致蟲害加劇或是環境汙染等等。本研究藉由盆栽試驗探討廢棄物再利用產品—羽毛蛋白水解液及植物生長調節劑複方型產品在青蔥栽培上是否能減少化肥使用量，並從田間土壤微生物相的觀點，評估此二資材對蔥田土壤的影響。在盆栽試驗上，使用稀釋150倍、稀釋300倍的羽毛蛋白水解液或稀釋500倍、稀釋1000倍的植物生長調節劑分別搭配不同施用量的化學肥料 (無施用、半量及全量化學肥料)，觀察青蔥種植78天及43天後的生長表現，結果發現稀釋300倍的羽毛蛋白水解液及稀釋1000倍的植物生長調節劑搭配減至半量的化肥，與單純使用全量化肥有相近的生長表現，但羽毛蛋白水解液及植物生長調節劑單獨使用則無法產生促進生長的效果。另外，在使用150倍稀釋的羽毛蛋白水解液或500倍稀釋的植物生長調節劑栽培一個月的青蔥上，接種軟腐病及炭疽病，並沒有觀察到此二資材使青蔥罹病指標產生變化。在田間試驗上，比較慣行農法與額外施用羽毛蛋白水解液或植物生長調節劑對青蔥種植的生長效果，但在生長指標上並沒有發生明顯的改變，考量田間環境複雜，施用方式與劑量可能需進一步評估。為了瞭解羽毛蛋白水解液與植物生長調節劑的施用對微生物相的影響，利用次世代定序技術，比較慣行農法、額外施用羽毛蛋白水解液與額外施用植物生長調節劑的蔥田土壤微生物組成，透過amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) 的分布、α-diversity指標 (Richness、Shannon-index、Simpson-index)、非度量多維度分析、物種相對豐度及DESeq2分析得知土壤細菌組成種類非常豐富多樣，相對豐度小於1%的屬占比最多，真菌組成則相對簡單均勻，但羽毛蛋白水解液與植物生長調節劑的施用並不影響微生物的主要組成、生物多樣性及群落結構。整體而言，羽毛蛋白水解液與植物生長調節劑具有減少化肥施用量的潛力，可作為青蔥栽培的資材選擇之一。

Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) cultivation has a long-standing history and remains an essential ingredient in Asian cuisine. In Taiwan, the concept of integrated crop management (ICM) has been applied to Welsh onion cultivation, resulting in well-established practices for cultivation techniques, fertilization, and pest control. However, chemical fertilizers remain the primary nutrient source, raising concerns over their potential negative impacts, such as ecological imbalances that exacerbate pest outbreaks and environmental pollution. This study uses a pot experiment to evaluate whether recycled products — feather-derived protein hydrolysate (FPH) and a compound plant growth regulator (PGR) — can reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers in Welsh onion production. Additionally, the effects of these materials on soil microbial communities are assessed to understand their influence on the soil environment in onion fields. In the pot experiments, FPH (diluted 150× and 300×) and PGR (diluted 500× and 1000×) were applied with varying chemical fertilizer application (none, half, and full). After 78 and 43 days of cultivation, results showed that FPH (300×) and PGR (1000×) combined with half the standard chemical fertilizer usage achieved comparable growth performance to full chemical fertilizer application. However, neither FPH nor PGR alone promoted growth. Additionally, the occurrence of disease indices were not affected by using FPH and PGR or not. Field experiments comparing conventional farming with additional application of FPH or PGR revealed no significant differences in growth performance, likely due to the complexity of field conditions, suggesting that the application methods and dosages require further optimization. Furthermore, next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to assess soil microbial communities under conventional farming, conventional farming with additional application of FPH, and conventional farming with additional application of PGR. Results based on amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) distribution, α-diversity indices (Richness, Shannon-index, Simpson-index), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, relative abundance, and DESeq2 analysis revealed that the bacterial community was highly diverse, with the majority of genera exhibiting a relative abundance below 1%. In contrast, the fungal community was relatively simple and evenly distributed. However, the application of FPH and PGR did not alter the main microbial composition, biodiversity, and community structure. Overall, FPH and PGR demonstrate potential in reducing chemical fertilizer usage and can be considered alternative inputs for Welsh onion cultivation.