從爵士愛好者觀點探討作品-表現形式模型組織爵士音樂之可行性研究

Abstract

以曲目(track，相對於專輯)為基礎之組織及搜尋系統廣泛使用於常見之音樂串流平台，且平台使用者常搜尋曲目而非專輯。有鑑於此，圖書館可能需要在未來引進以曲目為基礎之編目系統。本研究探討現行之作品-表現形式模型是否適用於組織爵士曲目。本研究採用卡片分類法、成對比較法及半結構式訪談以收集爵士愛好者對爵士音樂特徵、如何組織爵士曲目、以及編目系統搜尋結果頁面如何呈現爵士曲目的看法。結果顯示：第一，最有共識的爵士音樂特徵為即興演奏及自由度；第二，爵士愛好者組織基於同一旋律(tune)的曲目時，通常以音樂類別(genre)及風格(style)分類，但兩個極為相似的曲目多數情況下無法互相取代；第三，在搜尋結果頁面中，爵士愛好者不想看到曲目被預先分類，但想看到曲目加上標籤，以標示其各項屬性資料，如調性、使用樂器、演奏者等。結果亦顯示，若將旋律本身視為一個「作品」(work)，則現行之作品-表現形式模型適用於組織爵士曲目。本研究對於圖書館如何組織爵士音樂提供見解，並對實務及後續研究提供建議。

Given the popularity of track-based catalogs in music streaming platforms and a tendency of users to search music by track, libraries are likely to need to adopt a track-based music catalog system in the near future. This study focuses on whether the current work-expression model from models such as LRM could be applied to jazz track organization. This study adopts card sorting, pairwise rating, and semi-structured interview to collect information on jazz enthusiasts’ opinion on the characteristics of jazz, how they would organize jazz tracks in their mind, and how they think tracks of the same tune should be displayed in a search results page of a catalog system. The results are: first, improvisation and freedom are the two most agreed characteristics of jazz; second, jazz enthusiasts tend to organize tracks of the same tune based on genre and style, but two very similar tracks are usually not substitutable; third, they do not want to see the tracks pre-grouped, but they would like to see them tagged with attributes such as key, instrumentation, and performers. It is also shown that the work-expression model is applicable to jazz when the tune is treated as the work. This study provides insight on how libraries should approach jazz organization and gives suggestions to library practice as well as future studies.