不完全的社會化：中國與全球網路治理

Abstract

本研究探討中國如何參與全球網路治理，並特別聚焦於關鍵網路資源領域。透過分析中國與國際機構之官方或半官方文件，以及筆者實地走訪「網際網路名稱與數位位址分配機構」年度大會和相關青年獎學金計劃，同時加上一手訪談資料，本文指出中國政府參與全球關鍵網路資源治理時，因為自身價值衝突和最初國際間缺乏具有共識的規範，使其無法完成多方利害關係人主義的社會化進程。為了解釋此現象，本文延伸Alastair Iain Johnston對中國社會化的線性理解，提出「不完全社會化理論」闡釋行為者在規範不明或價值衝突下，可能選擇退出制度場域或是發展競爭性論述來抵制團體規範。本文透過紮實的經驗證據， 補充過往研究僅聚焦中國參與全球網路治理的國家利益或經濟導向視角，相較於既有國際關係文獻對中國網路主權的宏觀討論，本文注重中國政府與多方利害關係人機制互動過程中所面臨的困境和摩擦，為國際關係與全球治理研究提供新的理論和實證貢獻。

This dissertation discusses how China participates in global Internet governance, particularly in the field of critical Internet resources. Drawing on official and semi-official documents from the Chinese government and international organizations, supplemented by participant observation at ICANN annual meeting and related youth fellowship programs, as well as original interview data, this dissertation argues that the Chinese government has been unable to fully undergo the socialization process of multistakeholderism in the global governance of critical Internet resources, due to internal value conflicts and the initial absence of widely accepted international norms. To explain this phenomenon, the study builds on Alastair Iain Johnston’s linear model of China’s socialization and proposes a “theory of incomplete socialization,” which posits that when norms are ambiguous or conflict with an actor’s core values, the actor may choose to exit the institutional arena or develop competing discourses that challenge the dominant norms. Supported by solid empirical evidence, this dissertation complements previous studies that have primarily focused on China’s national interests or economic motivations in global Internet governance. Compared to the existing international relations literature that primarily focuses on macro-level discussions of China’s cyber sovereignty, this study highlights the challenges and frictions the Chinese government faces in its interactions with multistakeholder mechanisms, thereby offering new theoretical and empirical contributions to the study of international relations and global governance.