東亞產經濟性蟹類之漁業管理對策研究與作為休閒觀賞寵物的可行性評估

Abstract

本研究整合形態測量、消費者行為與休閒漁業評估，全面探討東亞經濟性蟹類，尤其是鏽斑蟳與紅星梭子蟹的族群結構、觀賞潛力與永續管理對策。透過對七個東亞地點共1,500餘個樣本的形態分析，發現兩種蟹類均呈現三大族群分化，與黑潮洋流密切相關，並在甲殼形態、螯足與腹部結構等方面表現出顯著差異，支持族群導向的差異化管理策略。 消費者行為調查顯示，鏽斑蟳與紅星梭子蟹被評為東亞觀賞價值最高的蟹種，外觀觀賞性與市場價格呈強正相關（β=0.859），而美食價值則與外觀成負相關（β=-0.620）。蟹種忠誠度具調節作用，高忠誠消費者能兼顧食用與觀賞價值。國別間消費者評價差異顯著，顯示文化與市場背景對蟹類偏好有明顯影響。 在休閒漁業層面，研究指出經濟性蟹類在釣捕活動、生態旅遊與文化展示中具多元角色，並已在臺灣、越南、日本等地發展具經濟與教育效益的模式，如「萬里蟹」品牌與福岡的海上體驗園區。 基於上述結果，研究建議：依族群特性訂定最小捕撈規格與禁漁期、加強對雌性蟹類特別是攜卵個體的保護、研發簡便的族群識別方法、推動跨國管理合作、強化外觀品質以提升觀賞價值與市場價格、發展觀賞型品牌與文化包裝、整合觀賞與休閒漁業創造多元收益，並建立社區參與的自律管理模式。另建議推動人工繁殖與體色強化研究，並應用數位技術拓展蟹類展示與教育的新形式。本研究為東亞蟹類資源永續利用與產業創新提供科學依據與實務策略，對於實現經濟、社會與生態三重效益具有重要意義。

This study integrates morphometric analysis, consumer behavior assessment, and recreational fishery evaluation to comprehensively investigate economically significant crab species in East Asia, particularly Charybdis feriatus and Portunus sanguinolentus. It examines population structure, ornamental potential, and sustainable management strategies. Morphometric analysis conducted on over 1,500 specimens from seven East Asian locations revealed that both crab species exhibit three distinct population clusters closely associated with the Kuroshio Current. Significant differences in carapace morphology, cheliped, and abdominal structures support population-specific management strategies. Consumer behavior surveys indicated that C. feriatus and P. sanguinolentus are regarded as the most visually appealing crab species in East Asia, showing a strong positive correlation between aesthetic value and market price (β=0.859). Conversely, culinary value demonstrated a negative correlation with aesthetics (β=-0.620). Crab species loyalty moderated this relationship, enabling highly loyal consumers to balance both culinary and ornamental preferences. Additionally, significant variations in consumer evaluations across countries highlighted the influence of cultural and market contexts on crab preferences. In recreational fisheries, economically important crabs play diverse roles in recreational fishing, ecotourism, and cultural exhibitions, exemplified by successful economic and educational models developed in Taiwan, Vietnam, and Japan, such as Taiwan’s "Wanli Crab" brand and Fukuoka’s marine experience parks. Based on these findings, the study recommends establishing minimum catch sizes and closed seasons tailored to population characteristics, enhancing protections for female and egg-carrying crabs, developing simplified population identification methods, promoting international management cooperation, improving appearance quality to boost ornamental value and market pricing, developing ornamental branding and cultural packaging, integrating ornamental and recreational fisheries for diversified revenues, and establishing community-based self-regulatory management practices. Additionally, advancing research on artificial breeding and color enhancement and utilizing digital technologies to innovate crab exhibitions and education are recommended. This research provides scientific foundations and practical strategies for sustainable utilization and industry innovation of crab resources in East Asia, significantly contributing to achieving economic, social, and ecological benefits.