BRB及SCB鋼構架含滑動樓板雙向振動台試驗之模型發展與驗證

Abstract

傳統鋼構建築中樓板多採用剪力釘與鋼梁剛接，地震時無法釋放樓板與構架間的相對運動，導致過大的慣性力傳遞至構架及非結構元件，進而造成設備損壞與功能中斷。為改善此問題，滑動樓板系統（Sliding Slab System）被提出作為提升地震韌性與減震效果的創新設計，透過樓板與構架間允許滑動，降低傳遞至主結構之地震力，並有效控制樓板加速度。但目前國內針對滑動樓板之大型實驗研究多侷限於單向輸入，對實際地震中常見的雙向輸入反應掌握不足，尤其在樓板旋轉、摩擦行為與裝置協同消能等面向仍存研究缺口。 本研究為首度於國內進行具滑動樓板之鋼構建築系統在雙向地震輸入下之大型振動台實驗與數值模擬分析。試體為一層樓全尺寸鋼構架，樓板與構架間分別配置夾型挫屈束制支撐（H-SBRB）與摩擦裝置（FD）作為水平方向消能元件，透過振動台施加不同強度與方向之地震輸入，量測滑動量、加速度、旋轉行為與殘餘位移等動態反應。實驗結果顯示，滑動樓板系統可有效降低地震下樓板加速度與構架內力，並具一定程度之旋轉自由度與能量吸收潛力。不同裝置類型對滑動特性與震後殘餘變形具明顯影響，其中 H-SBRB 雖具優異消能能力，惟高震度下易出現接合破壞，FD則表現穩定但復位能力較弱。 為補足震後性能探討，本研究另於數值模擬中導入自復位滑動裝置（Self-Centering Spring Device, SCSD），使用PISA3D建立三維非線性模型進行歷時分析，模擬結果與實驗高度吻合 (Phase 1與Phase 3)，並探討不同𝛼參數設計對滑動行為與震後殘餘位移之影響，證實 SCSD 可顯著提升樓板復位能力，控制震後樓板殘餘位移，惟須在加速度放大與滑動能力間取得平衡。整體而言，本研究針對滑動樓板系統於雙向地震下之動態行為、消能效能與自復位潛力進行整合性探討，建立完整之實驗與模擬分析流程，提供未來耐震設計與高韌性鋼構建築應用之重要依據。

Traditional steel building systems typically employ rigid connections between slabs and beams using shear studs, preventing relative movement between the slabs and the lateral force-resisting system (LFRS) during seismic events. As a result, excessive inertial forces are transmitted to the structural frame and non-structural components, leading to equipment damage and loss of functionality. To address this issue, the Sliding Slab System has been proposed as an innovative seismic design strategy to enhance structural resilience and reduce seismic demands. By allowing relative sliding between the floor slab and the frame, the system effectively reduces the seismic forces transmitted to the main structure and controls floor acceleration. However, existing large-scale experimental research in Taiwan has largely focused on unidirectional ground motions, with limited understanding of the system’s behavior under realistic bidirectional inputs—particularly regarding slab rotation, frictional behavior, and the coordinated performance of energy dissipation devices. This study presents the first large-scale shaking table test and numerical simulation of a steel structure equipped with a sliding slab system under bidirectional seismic input in Taiwan. A full-scale, single-story steel frame specimen was constructed, with H-shaped buckling-restrained braces (H-SBRBs) and friction devices (FDs) installed between the floor and frame as horizontal energy dissipation elements. The system was subjected to bidirectional seismic excitations of varying intensities, and dynamic responses such as sliding displacement, floor acceleration, rotational behavior, and residual displacement were recorded. Experimental results demonstrated that the sliding slab system effectively reduced floor accelerations and frame forces during earthquakes, while also exhibiting rotational freedom and energy absorption potential. The performance varied with device type: H-SBRBs showed excellent energy dissipation but suffered from joint damage under strong motions; FDs offered stable performance but had weaker self-centering capability. To further investigate post-earthquake performance, a self-centering spring device (SCSD) was introduced in the numerical simulation phase. A 3D nonlinear model was developed in PISA3D, and time history analyses were conducted. The simulation results showed high agreement with experimental data (from Phase 1 and Phase 3) and revealed that SCSDs can significantly enhance residual displacement recovery. Parametric studies on different alpha (𝛼) values confirmed the trade-off between acceleration amplification and sliding capability. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the dynamic behavior, energy dissipation performance, and self-centering potential of sliding slab systems under bidirectional seismic loading, offering critical insights for the development of resilient and low-damage steel building designs.