請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/98654完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 張登及 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Teng-chi Chang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 穆宇軒 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Yu-Hsuan Mu | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-08-18T01:14:03Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-08-18 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-08-15 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-08-07 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 壹、中文部分
Baloch S. 2024，〈中巴經濟走廊：中國人為何成為襲擊目標？誰組織了這些襲擊？〉，BBC News 中文，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-68681642，2025/2/10。 BBC News 中文，2019，〈中美貿易戰時間軸：一場逐漸升溫的持久戰〉， BBC News 中文，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-49986037，2024/12/29。 BBC News 中文，2021，〈中印衝突一週年：兩國如何各自表述這場致命衝突〉， BBC News 中文，https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/world-57340325，2025/2/13。 Dahiya, O. P. ，2020，〈印度的東進政策與印太戰略〉，《歐亞研究》，11: 59–66。 Embassy of India, Beijing，2018，〈莫迪總理在香格里拉對話的主題演講（2018年6月1日）〉，https://www.eoibeijing.gov.in/public_files/assets/pdf/PM%20Speech %20at%20Shangri%20La-Chinese.pdf，2025/5/3。 Khan, S. 2021，〈「中巴經濟走廊」在瓜達爾港蓋圍牆，只會讓當地人更加離心離德〉，TNL The News Lens 關鍵評論網， https://www.thenewslens.com/article /145312，2025/5/5。 Mearsheimer, J. J.著，盧靜譯，2022，《大幻象：自由主義之夢與國際政治現實》，新北：八旗文化。譯自The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2019. Ripsman, N. M., Taliaferro, J. W., & Lobell, S. E. 著，劉豐、張晨譯，2017，《新古典現實主義國際政治理論》，北京：人民出版社。譯自Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2016 Schweller, R. L. 著，劉豐、陳永澤譯，2015，《沒有應答的威脅：軍事的政治制約》，北京：北京大學出版社。譯自Unanswered Threats: Political Constraints on the Balance of Power. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. 2006. 中央通訊社，2017〈川普受訪 指北約組織已過時〉，中央社 CNA，https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201701160010.aspx，2025/4/15。 中央通訊社，2021，〈俄印峰會20年來首度取消 俄疑不滿印美走太近〉，中央社 CNA，https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202101050224.aspx，2025/3/19。 方天賜，2014，〈評析中國大陸國家主席習近平的兩亞四國之行：「一帶一路」的推動與挑戰〉，《展望與探索月刊》，12(10): 1–6。 方天賜，2019，〈印「中」「清奈連結」非正式峰會研析〉，《展望與探索月刊》， 17(11): 28–33。 方天賜，2022，〈印度對俄烏衝突的回應與意涵〉，《戰略安全研析》，173: 39–47。 方天賜，2023，〈當前美印關係發展因素評估〉，《展望與探索月刊》，21(12): 101–110。 王思為，2013，〈歐盟的國家間關係與國際法〉，《台灣國際法季刊》， 10(3): 57–83。 王啟明，2010，《歐洲政經整合的三重奏》，臺北：秀威資訊。 甘逸驊，2007，〈歐盟「柔性強權」身份認同的建構與批判〉，《問題與研究》，46(4): 1–25。 甘逸驊，2016，〈「歐洲安全」研究的理論基礎：區域安全、國際關係、全球體系〉，《問題與研究》，55(3): 81–112。 田習如，202，〈歐盟將提軍火產出計畫 加速國防自主〉，中央社 CNA， https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202501220405.aspx，2025/4/6。 任飛，2009，〈印度戰略文化對國家安全戰略的影響〉，《南亞研究》，2: 13-22。 朱景鵬，1995，〈英國的歐洲統合政策〉，《問題與研究》，34(10): 40–62。 朱景鵬，2021，〈歐盟決策系統中遊說活動結構、程序及影響力之研析〉，《歐美研究，51(2): 267–310。 江炘杓，2020，〈從中印邊境衝突看加勒萬河谷的戰略價值〉，《國防安全雙週報》，8: 7-12。 吳玉瑩、蘇筑瑄，2019，〈逐漸蔓延的貿易戰火〉，《經濟前瞻》，85: 38–43。 吳兆禮，2021，〈印度莫迪政府「印太海洋倡議」發展、路徑與趨勢〉，《太平洋學報，29(12): 41–52。 宋德星，2008，〈現實主義取向與道德尺度——論印度戰略文化的二元特徵〉，《南亞研究，1: 9–15。 李明勳，2021，〈解析歐盟「開放性戰略自主」產業政策之內涵〉，《經濟前瞻》， 197: 21–26。 李思嫺，2016，〈淺談印度同心圓外交政策的思考與「曼荼羅」（Mandala）體系〉，南亞觀察， https://southasiawatch.tw/淺談印度同心圓外交政策的思考與「曼荼羅」（mandala/，2025/5/7。 李思嫺，2020，〈曼荼羅思想與印度外交政策〉，《歐亞研究》，11: 87–96。 李思嫺、方天賜，2019，〈擺盪「戰略自主」與「戰略機會」之間：探索後殖民認同下的印美關係發展〉，《問題與研究》，58(3): 51–86。 李哲全，2019，〈第二次美印2+2對話與印太戰略展望〉，《國防安全雙週報》 79: 33–38。 李哲全，2020，〈美印第三次2+2對話及其戰略合作進展〉，《國防安全雙週報》 16: 1-6。 李哲全、陳鴻鈞，2018，〈2018年美國與北約防衛預算支出問題評析〉，《國防安全雙週報》，5: 1-3。 沈玄池，2002，〈由歐洲統合模式評析兩岸之整合〉，《全球政治評論》，1: 1–31。 沈菊川，2022，〈印度面對拜登執政後中美競逐升溫的因應策略〉，《全球政治評論》，8: 51–80。 沈菊川、蔡東杰，2021，〈中印俄三角關係之發展、運作與困境〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，22(3): 59–103。 卓忠宏，2017，〈川普時代：歐盟「唯美」路線走向分析〉，《全球政治評論》，7: 1–5。 林文程，2018，〈美「中」競爭與亞太安全情勢〉，《展望與探索月刊》，16(2): 67–101。 林泰和，2020，〈中國大陸外交部長王毅出訪歐洲評析〉，《展望與探索月刊》， 18(10): 1–8。 林廉庭，2024，〈國際新型區域經濟合作趨勢對我國之啟示—以歐盟合作機制為例〉，《經濟前瞻》，13: 109–114。 林碧炤，2013，《國際政治與外交政策》，第三版，臺北：五南。 法國國際廣播電台，2019a，〈北京高調報告G20習近平與普京莫迪開小金磚會〉，RFI - 法國國際廣播電台， https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E4%B8%AD%E5ㄙ%9C%8B/20190624-%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E9%AB%98%E8%AA%BF%E5%A0%B1%E5%91%8Ag20%E6%99%82%E7%BF%92%E8%BF%91%E5%B9%B3%E8%88%87%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%8F%E9%87%91%E7%A3%9A%E6%9C%83，2025/5/29。 法國國際廣播電台，2019b，〈莫迪:俄羅斯第五屆東方經濟論壇明星嘉賓〉， RFI - 法國國際廣播電台， https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E6%94%BF%E6 %B2%BB/20190904-%E8%8E%AB%E8%BF%AA%E4%BF%84% E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%94%E5%B1%86%E6%9D%B1%E6%96%B9%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F%E8%AB%96%E5%A3%87%E6%98%8E%E6%98%9F%E5%98%89%E8%B3%93，2025/5/20。 法國國際廣播電台，2023，〈重啟國際南北運輸走廊: 普京推出俄羅斯新貿易戰略路線圖〉，RFI - 法國國際廣播電台，https://www.rfi.fr/tw/%E5%B 0%88%E6%AC%84%E6%AA%A2%E7%B4%A2/%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B%E5%A0%B1%E7%B4%99%E6%91%98%E8%A6%81/20231001-%E9%87%8D%E5%95%9F%E5%9C%8B%E9%9A%9B%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E9%81%8B%E8%BC%B8%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A-%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC%E6%8E%A8%E5%87%BA%E4%BF%84%E7%BE%85%E6%96%AF%E6%96%B0%E8%B2%BF%E6%98%93%E6%88%B0%E7%95%A5%E8%B7%AF%E7%B7%9A%E5%9C%96，2024/9/26。 美國之音，2024，〈印度總理莫迪前往莫斯科關注俄中關係〉，美國之音，https://www.voacantonese.com/a/modi-heads-to-russia-20240707/7689100.html，2025/5/27。 康世人，2018，〈莫迪：印度堅持一個開放與包容的亞太區〉，中央社 CNA， https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/201806020009.aspx，2025/5/29。 康世人，2020，〈印度推動國防自主 5年禁止101種武器進口〉，中央社 CNA， https://www.cna.com.tw/news/aopl/202008100156.aspx，2025/6/2。 康世人，2021, 二月 4，〈中國崛起 印度防長籲印度洋國家加強海上合作〉，中央社 CNA，https://www.cna.com.tw/news/firstnews/202102040386.aspx，2025/3/9。 張耀秋，1985，〈從萬隆會議談印尼與中共的關係〉，《問題與研究》，24(9): 72-78。 章節根，2008，〈論印度核戰略的戰略文化根源〉，《外交評論》，2: 98–104。 陳志敏、蓋拉茨古斯塔夫，2003，《歐洲聯盟對外政策一體化——不可能的使命？》， 北京，時事出版社。 陳秉逵，2020，〈論未定疆界對持續領土爭端的衝突緩和作用：以2017中印洞朗對峙為例〉，《問題與研究》59(3): 1–44。 陳勁，2004，《歐盟外交政策與對外關係》第二版，臺北：五南。 陳蔚芳，2020，〈德國與歐盟共同防務整合：自由政府間主義的分析〉，《政治科學論叢》，85: 45–90。 陳蔚芳，2023，〈法國總統馬克宏訪「中」評析〉，《展望與探索月刊》，21(5): 13–20。 黃恩浩，2021，〈印度採購俄國S-400型防空飛彈系統對美印關係的影響〉，《國防安全雙週報》，43: 83-88。 葉至誠，2000，《社會科學槪論》，初版，新北：揚智。 葉至誠、葉立誠，2012，《研究方法與論文寫作》，第三版，新北：商鼎文化。 過子庸，2019，〈印太戰略：陸印競合的歷史沿革與未來觀察〉，《展望與探索月刊》，17(2): 91–121。 廖舜右、蔡松伯，2013，〈新古典現實主義與外交政策分析的再連結〉，《問題與研究》，52(3): 43–61。 劉蕭翔，2018，〈中巴經濟走廊「債務陷阱」危機之觀察〉，《國防安全雙週報》 ，22: 16-20。 劉蕭翔，2024, 二月 27，〈俄烏戰爭催化南亞軍售博弈〉，國防安全研究院-即時評析，https://indsr.org.tw/focus?uid=11&pid=2693&typeid=0，2025/4/10。 蔡裕明，2020，〈印中邊境衝突後印度之戰略作為以及臺印關係發展〉，《戰略安全研析》， 63: 8–19。 衛民，2016，〈重探哈斯「新功能主義」及其在歐洲統合演進上的意涵〉，《問題與研究》，55(1): 69–90。 鄭端耀，2005，〈國際關係新古典現實主義理論〉，《問題與研究》，44(1): 115–140。 賴昀辰，2021a，〈檢視容克執委會的規範性權力作為：以環境政策為例〉，《政治科學論叢》 7: 39–91。 賴昀辰，2021b，〈歐盟執委會的權限擴張與制衡：超國家主義與政府間主義的競合〉，《遠景基金會季刊》，22(4): 101–149。 賴昀辰，2025，〈剖析歐日經濟關係的突破：以歐日經濟夥伴協定為例〉，《遠景基金會季刊》， 26(1): 3–50。 隨新民，2014，〈印度戰略文化和國際行為:基於爭論的案例分析〉，《國際問題研究》，1: 54–70。 羅至美，2010，〈歐盟統合的多樣性路徑與對兩岸關係的政策意涵〉，《問題與研究》，49(3): 1–28。 羅綺，2018，〈美徵鋼鋁稅 歐盟、加、墨關稅報復〉，自由時報電子報， https://ec.ltn.com.tw/article/paper/1205644，2025/3/22。 蘇宏達，2001，〈以「憲政主權建造」概念解釋歐洲統合之發展〉，《歐美研究》，31(4): 629–687。 蘇宏達，2010，〈檢視古典現實主義對戴高樂時期歐洲統合運動發展的解釋〉，《政治科學論叢》，46: 31–70。 蘇卓馨，2022，〈歐中體制競爭下的合作〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，34(3): 817-840。 貳、西文部分 Al Jazeera. 2019. “India ‘makes advance payment’ for Russian S-400 missile system.” Al Jazeera. in https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/11/18/india-makes-advance-payment-for-russian-s-400-missile-system. Latest update 7 May 2025. Al Jazeera. 2025. “Europe working on plan to replace US in NATO in five to 10 years: Report.” Al Jazeera. in https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/21/europe-working-on-plan-to-replace-us-in-nato-in-five-to-10-years-report. Latest update 11 May 2025. Ayres, A. 2017. “Will India Start Acting Like a Global Power? New Delhi’s New Role.” Foreign Affairs 96(6): 83–92. Bajoria, J., & Pan, E. 2010. “The U.S.-India Nuclear Deal.” Council on Foreign Relations. in https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/us-india-nuclear-deal. Latest update 7 June 2025. Bajpai, K. 1996. “India’s Strategic Culture.” In Securing India: Strategic Thought and Practice, ed. K. P. Bajpai & Amitabh Mattoo. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers. Banerjee, S. 2024. “Transforming Ties: An Overview of the Past Decade in India-US Relations.” Indian Foreign Affairs Journal 19(1/2): 81–91. Basrur, R., & Narayanan Kutty, S. 2022.” Modi’s India and Japan: Nested strategic partnerships.” International Politics (The Hague), 59(1): 67–89. Bassot, É. 2020. “The von der Leyen Commission’s priorities for 2019-2024.” European Parliamentary Research Service. Baun, M. 2005. “How necessary is a common strategic culture?” Oxford Journal on Good Governance 2(1): 33–37. BBC. “‘Howdy, Modi!’: Trump hails Indian PM at ‘historic’ Texas rally.” BBC. in https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-49788492. Latest update 20 May 2025. Besch, S. 2024. “Understanding the EU’s New Defense Industrial Strategy.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. in https://carnegieen dowment.org/emissa ry/2024/03/understanding-the-eus-new-defense-industrial-strategy?lang=en. Latest update 10 May 2025. Bhattacharya, D. 2023. “Conclave 2023: China situation fragile, very dangerous in military assessment, says EAM S Jaishankar.” India Today. in https://www.india today.in/india/story/conclave-2023-china-situation-fragile-very-dangerous-in-military-assessment-says-eam-s-jaishankar-2348260-2023-03-18. Latest update 1 May 2025. Biava, A., Drent, M., & Herd, G. P. 2011. “Characterizing the European Union’s Strategic Culture: An Analytical Framework.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 49(6): 1227–1248. Biava, A., Drent, M., & Herd, G. P. 2011. “Characterizing the European Union’s Strategic Culture: An Analytical Framework.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 49(6): 1227–1248. Biscop, S. 2018. “European Defence: Give PESCO a Chance.” Survival 60(3): 161–180. Blackwill, R. D., & Tellis, A. J. 2019. “The India Dividend: New Delhi Remains Washington’s Best Hope in Asia Essays.” Foreign Affairs 98(5): 173–183. Booth, K. 2005. “Strategic culture: Validity and validation.” Oxford Journal on Good Governance 2(1): 25–28. Brustlein, C. 2018. “European strategic autonomy: Balancing ambition and responsibility.” Éditoriaux de l’Ifri. Bustinduy, P. 2022. “A Populist Foreign Policy? The Impact of the Trump Presidency on the Transatlantic Relation.” International Studies 59(1): 28–42. Cha, V. D. 1999. Alignment despite antagonism: The United States-Korea-Japan security triangle. California: Stanford University Press. Chan, L.-H., & and Lee, P. K. 2023. “Quad 2.0 in flux, how possible? A study of India’s changing ‘significant other’.” Australian Journal of International Affairs 77(5): 483–508. Chaudhuri, P. P. 2022. “Can India wean itself off Russian weapons?” Geopolitical Intelligence Services AG. in https://www.gisreportsonline.com/r/russian-weapons/. Latest update 2 May 2025. CIA. 2024. “Population Comparison—The World Factbook.” in https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/population/country-comparison/. Latest update 14 April 2025. Cornish, P., & Edwards, G. 2001. “Beyond the EU/NATO dichotomy: The beginnings of a European strategic culture.” International Affairs 77(3): 587–603. Council of the European Union. 2016a. “EU Strategy on China-Council conclusions (18 July 2016)” in https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-11252-2016-INIT/en/pdf. Latest update 19 April 2025. Council of the European Union. 2016b. Implementation Plan on Security and Defence. Council of the European Union. in https://www.coe-civ.eu/kh/implementation-plan-on-security-and-defence. Latest update 19 April 2025. da Silva, D. L., Tian, N., Béraud-Sudreau, L., Marksteiner, A., & Liang, X. 2022. “Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2021.” in https://www.sipri.org/pub lica tions/2022/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2021. Latest update 19 May 2025. Dalmia, T., & Malone, D. M. 2012. “Historical influences on India’s foreign policy.” International Journal 67(4): 1029–1049. Dann, P., & Thiruvengadam, A. K. 2021. “Comparing constitutional democracy in the European Union and India: An introduction.” in, Democratic Constitutionalism in India and the European Union, eds. P. Dann & A. K. Thiruvengadam. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc., 1–41. Das, G. 2011. “George Tanham’s views on Indian strategic thought: An interpretation.” Scholar Warrior: 8–14. de Langlois, M., & Ara, B. 2015. “Article 44 of the Treaty on European Union: Enhancing efficiency in EU operations.” Institut de Recherche Stratégique de l’École Militaire (IRSEM). in https://www.irsem.fr/storage/file_manager_files/2025/03/nrs-n26-2015-en.pdf. Latest update 6 April 2025. Dodh, P. 2017. “India-Pakistan Relations: A Sociopoliticaal Perspective.” World Affairs: The Journal of International Issues 21(4): 110–125. Duchêne, F. 1972. “Europe’s role in world peace.” in Europe tomorrow: Sixteen Europeans look ahead, eds. Mayne, R. London: Fontana: 32–47. Dueck, C. 2006. Reluctant Crusaders: Power, Culture, and Change in American Grand Strategy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Edwardes, M. 1965. “Illusion and Reality in India’s Foreign Policy.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-) 41(1): 48–58. Ellis-Petersen, H. 2020. “「Namaste Trump」: India welcomes US president at Modi rally.” The Guardian. in https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/feb/24/namaste-donald-trump-india-welcomes-us-president-narendra-modi-rally. Latest update 14 March 2025. EurAsian Times. 2020. “India Should Be Prepared for a Two-Front War With China & Pakistan—Army Chief.” in https://www.eurasiantimes.com/two-front-war-with-china-pakistan-india/. Latest update 28 March 2025. European Commission. 2015. “The European Agenda on Security.” in https://www.europarl.europa.eu/cmsdata/125863/EU%20agenda%20on%20security.pdf. Latest update 10 March 2025. European Commission. 2016a. “Elements for a new EU strategy on China. in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/joint_communication_to_the_european_parliament_and_the_council_-_elements_for_a_new_eu_strategy_on_china.pdf. Latest update 11 March 2025. European Commission. 2016b. “European Defence Action Plan: Towards a European Defence Fund. in ”https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_16_ 4088. Latest update 10 March 2025. European Commission. 2017a. “Reflection paper on the future of European defence.” in https://commission.europa.eu/publications/reflection-paper-future-european-defence_en. Latest update 10 March 2025. European Commission. 2017b. “A European Defence Fund: €5.5 billion per year to boost Europe’s defence capabilities.” in https://ec.europa.eu/commissionn/presscorner/ detail/en/ip_17_1508. Latest update 11 March 2025. European Commission. 2018. “President Jean-Claude Juncker’S State of the Union Address 2018.” in https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech _18_5808. Latest update 16 March 2025. European Commission. 2019. “EU-China – A Strategic Outlook.” in https://co mmission.europa.eu/system/files/2019-03/communication-eu-china-a-strategic-outlook.pdf. Latest update 10 March 2025. European Commission. 2020a. “2020 Strategic Foresight Report; Charting the course towards a more resilient Europe.” in https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52020DC0493. Latest update 10 March 2025. European Commission. 2020b. “A New Industrial Strategy for Europe.” in https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=celex:52020DC0102. Latest update 8 March 2025. European Commission. 2021. “Joint Communication: Strengthening the EU’s Contribution to Rules-based Multilateralism.” https://commission.europa.eu/pub lications/communication-strengthening-eus-contribution-rules-based-multilateralis m_en. Latest update 8 March 2025. European Commission. 2022. REPowerEU. in https://ec.europa.eu/commission/press corner/detail/en/ip_22_3131. Latest update 2 March 2025. European Commission. 2025. “Preparatory Action on Defence Research (PADR).” in https://defence-industry-space.ec.europa.eu/eu-defence-industry/preparatory-acti on-defence-research-padr_en. Latest update 7 March 2025. European Council. 1999. “Conclusions of the Presidency.” in https://www.eur oparl.europa.eu/summits/kol2_en.htm. Latest update 2 March 2025. European Council. 2013. “European Council 19/20 December 2013 Conclusions.” in https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-217-2013-INIT/en/pdf. Latest update 18 March 2025. European Council. 2016. “EU-NATO joint declaration. Consilium.” in https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/07/08/eu-nato-joint-declaration/. Latest update 29 March 2025. European Council. 2018. “Joint declaration on EU-NATO cooperation. Consilium.” in https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2018/07/10/eu-nato-joint-declaration/. Latest update 2 March 2025. European Defence Agency. “2022. EDA Defence Data 2020-2021.” in https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/thematic-policy-reports/eda-defence-data-2020-2021. Latest update 5 April 2025. European Defence Agency. 2019. Defence Data 2017-2018. in https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/thematic-policy-reports/defence-data-2017-2018. Latest update 4 March 2025. European Defence Agency. 2021a. “Defence Data 2018-2019.”in https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/thematic-policy-reports/defence-data-2018-2019. Latest update 12 March 2025. European Defence Agency. 2021b. “EDA Defence Data 2019-2020.” in https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/thematic-policy-reports/eda-defence-data-2019-2020. Latest update 5 April 2025. European Defence Agency. 2024. “Defence Data Portal.” in https://eda.europa.eu/publications-and-data/defence-data. Latest update 6 April 2025. European Defence Agency. 2025a. “Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD).” in https://eda.europa.eu/what-we-do/EU-defence-initiatives/coordinated-annual-review-on-defence-(card). Latest update 3 April 2025. European Defence Agency. 2025b. “Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO).” in https://eda.europa.eu/what-we-do/EU-defence-initiatives/permanent-structured-cooperation-(PESCO). Latest update 10 April 2025. European External Action Service. 2013. “EU-China 2020 Strategic Agenda for Cooperation.” in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/delegations/china/eu-china-2020-strategic-agenda-cooperation?s=166. Latest update 2 April 2025. European External Action Service. 2016. “Shared Vision, Common Action: A Stronger Europe—A Global Strategy for the European Union’s Foreign and Security Policy.” in https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/3eaae2cf-9ac5-11e6-868c-01aa75ed71a1. Latest update 15 March 2025. European External Action Service. 2017. “From Shared Vision to Common Action: Implementing the EU Global Strategy Year 1.” in https://ww w.eeas.europa.eu/node/37869_en. Latest update 7 April 2025. European External Action Service. 2018. Implementing the EU global strategy Year 2. in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default/files/eugs_annual_report_year_2.pdf. Latest update 7 April 2025. European External Action Service. 2019. The European Union’s Global Strategy Three Years On, Looking Forward. in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/sites/default /files/eu_global_strategy_2019.pdf. Latest update 8 April 2025. European External Action Service. 2022a. “A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence.” in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/strategic-compass-security-and-defence-1_en. Latest update 4 April 2025. European External Action Service. 2022b. “Military CSDP Capabilities.” in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/military-csdp-capabilities_en. Latest update 2 April 2025. European Parliament. 2024. “Lead candidates: Who should head the European Commission?” in https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20240508ST O21425/lead-candidates-who-should-head-the-european-commission. Latest update 6 April 2025. European Parliament. 2025. “Russia-Fact Sheets on the European Union.” in https://www.europarl.europa.eu/factsheets/en/sheet/177/Russia. Latest update 4 May 2025. European Union. 2025a. “Petersberg tasks—EUR-Lex.” in https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:petersberg_tasks. Latest update 4 April 2025. European Union. 2025b. “President of the European Commission—EUR-Lex.” in https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=legissum:european_com mission_president. Latest update 11 April 2025. Eurostat. 2022. “Archive: EU Energy Mix and Import Dependency—Statistics Explained.” in https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Archiv e:EU_energy_mix_and_import_dependency. Latest update 11 April 2025. Eurostat. 2024a. “EU Imports of Energy Products—Latest Developments.” in https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=E U_imports_of_energy_products_-_latest_developments. Latest update 23 January 2025. Eurostat. 2024b. “EU population increases again in 2024.” in https://ec.euro pa.eu/eurostat/web/products-eurostat-news/w/ddn-20240711-1. Latest update 11 April 2025. Fiott, D. 2018. “Strategic Autonomy: Towards ‘European Sovereignty’ in Defence?” European Union Institute for Security Studies (EUISS). Franke, U., & Varma, T. 2019. “Independence play: Europe’s pursuit of strategic autonomy.” European Council on Foreign Relations. in https://ecfr.eu/sp ecial/independence_play_europes_pursuit_of_strategic_autonomy/. Latest update 17 January 2025. Friedman, G. 2008. “The Geopolitics of India: A Shifting, Self-Contained World.” Stratfor. in https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/geopolitics-india-shifting-self-contained-world. Latest update 17 January 2025. George, A. L., & Bennett, A. 2005. Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences. Cambridge: MIT Press. George, M., Djokic, K., Hussain, Z., Wezeman, P. D., & Wezeman, S. T. 2025. “Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2024.” in https://www.sipri.org/publicat ions/2025/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-international-arms-transfers-2024. Latest update 10 May 2025. Gerring, J. 2004. “What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good for?” American Political Science Review 98(2): 341–354. Glasius, M., & Kaldor, M. 2006. A Human Security Doctrine for Europe: Project, Principles, Practicalit. Oxfordshire: Routledge. Gokhale, V. 2022. “A Historical Evaluation of China’s India Policy: Lessons for India-China Relations.” in https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2022/12/a-historical-evaluation-of-chinas-india-policy-lessons-for-india-china-relations?lang=en. Latest update 17 May 2025. Gray, C. 1986. Nuclear Strategy and National Style. Lanham, Maryland: Hamilton Press. Gray, C. S. 1999. “Strategic Culture as Context: The First Generation of Theory Strikes Back.” Review of International Studies 25(1): 49–69. Gupta, P. S. 1987. “The Indian Ocean in World Politics: Reflections on Its Future.” India Quarterly 43(3/4): 195–212. Hadfield, A. 2005. “The EU and Strategic Culture: Virtual Identity Vs Uploaded Preferences. Journal of Contemporary European Research 1(1): 59-72. Hadfield, A., Moffoot, S., Middleton, A. F., & Albertazzi, D. 2023. “Briefing Note: EU Energy Security and Strategic Autonomy.” in https://openresearch.s urrey.ac.uk/esploro/outputs/report/Briefing-Note-EU-Energy-Security-and/99764364602346. Latest update 1 March 2025. Håkansson, C. 2021. “The European Commission’s new role in EU security and defence cooperation: The case of the European Defence Fund.” European Security 30(4): 589–608. Hall, I. 2016. “Multialignment and Indian Foreign Policy under Narendra Modi.” The Round Table. 105(3): 271–286. Helwig, N. 2020. “EU strategic autonomy: A Reality Check for Europe’s Global Agenda.” FIIA Working Paper, 191. in https://fiia.fi/en/publication/eu-strategic-autonomy. Latest update 1 February 2025. Helwig, N., & Sinkkonen, V. 2022. “Strategic Autonomy and the EU as a Global Actor: The Evolution, Debate and Theory of a Contested Term.” European Foreign Affairs Review 27(Special Issue): 1–20. Hindustan Times. 2015. “It is India’s right to get a permanent seat in UNSC: PM Modi.” Hindustan Times. in https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/it-is-india-s-right-to-get-a-permanent-seat-in-unsc-pm-modi/story-Ynt5HnseN5glUzG6PEiLxH.html. Latest update 1 March 2025. Hirsh, M., Awan, A. H., & Sarmah, J. K. 2018. “India and Pakistan: Outlining a Path towards Peace.” Policy Perspectives 15(1): 21–42. Hoeffler, C. 2023. “Beyond the regulatory state? The European Defence Fund and national military capacities.” Journal of European Public Policy 30(7): 1281–1304. Hoffmann, S. 1984. “Gaullism by Any Other Name.” Foreign Policy 57: 38–57. Hopkin, J. 2002. “Comparative methods.” In Theory and Methods in Political Science, ed. D. Marsh & G. Stoker. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 249–270. Hunter, Robert E. 2002. The European Security and Defense Policy: NATO's Companion - or Competitor? Santa Monica: RAND Corporation. Ikenberry, G. J. 2018. “The end of liberal international order?” International Affairs 94(1): 7–23. India Brand Equity Foundation. 2025. “India’s Defence Manufacturing Industry Revolutionizing Exports.” in https://www.ibef.org/industry/defence-manufacturing. Latest update 23 July 2025. International Crisis Group. 2025. “A Moment of Reckoning: The EU and the Second Age of Trump.” in https://www.crisisgroup.org/global/moment-reckoning-eu-and-second-age-trump. Latest update 17 February 2025. International Monetary Fund. 2024. “World Economic Outlook (April 2024)—GDP, current prices.” in https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/NGDPD@WEO. Latest update 10 February 2025. Jagtiani, S. L., & Wellek, S. 2022. “In the Shadow of Ukraine: India’s Choices and Challenges.” Survival (London) 64(3): 29–48. Jaishankar, S. 2020. The India Way: Strategies for an Uncertain World. India: Harper Collins Publishers India. Jash, A. 2023. “India-China Rivalry: The Contest That Is Shaping the “Asian Century”.” The International Spectator 58(3): 113–130. Jha, N. K. 2006. “Traditional Foundations of Nehru’s Foreign Policy in Contemporary Context.” India Quarterly 62(1): 80–122. Johnston, A. I. 1995. “Thinking about Strategic Culture.” International Security 19(4): 32–64. Jones, R. W. 2006. India’s Strategic Culture. in https://irp.fas.org/agency/dod /dtra/india.pdf. Latest update 23 July 2025. Josep Borrell. 2020. “Why European strategic autonomy matters.” in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/why-european-strategic-autonomy-matters_en. Latest update 14 March 2025. Juncker, J.-C. 2016. “State of the Union 2016.” in https://data.europa.eu/do i/10.2775/968989. Latest update 12 March 2025. Juncker, J.-C. 2017a. “State of the Union Address 2017.” in https://ec.europ a.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_17_3165. Latest update 12 February 2025. Juncker, J.-C. 2017b. “Speech by President Jean-Claude Juncker at the Defence and Security Conference Prague: In defence of Europe.” in https://ec.euro pa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_17_1581. Latest update 12 February 2025. Juncker, J.-C. 2018. “State of the Union 2018: The Hour of European Sovereignty.” in https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/SPEECH_18_5808. Latest update 12 February 2025. Kara, M. 2025. “India’s Hedging Strategy in Great Power Competition.” Pacific Focus 40(1): 5–36. Kassim, H. 2023. “The von der Leyen Commission: An Early Assessment.” In The EU Political System After the 2019 European Elections, ed. O. Costa & S. Van Hecke. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 169–193. Kaura, V. 2020a. “India’s Relations with China from the Doklam Crisis to the Galwan Tragedy.” India Quarterly 76(4): 501–518. Kaura, V. 2020b. “Quad’s Malabar Moment.” Indian Journal of Asian Affairs 33(1/2): 1–23. Keohane, R. O. 1984. After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. Khurshid, I. 2025. “Modi’s US Foreign Policy: Strategic Autonomy Redefined.” Journal of Asian and African Studies 60(1): 552–560. Kilic, S. 2024. “Half-Hearted or Pragmatic? Explaining EU Strategic Autonomy and the European Defence Fund through Institutional Dynamics.” Central European Journal of International and Security Studies 18(1): 43–72. Krishnankutty, P. 2024. “India has strategic partnership with US, comprehensive strategic pact with UAE. What’s the difference.” ThePrint. in https://theprint.in/dip lomacy/india-has-strategic-partnership-with-us-comprehensive-strategic-pact-with-uae-whats-the-difference/2235822/. Latest update 12 April 2025. Kroll, H. 2024. “Assessing Open Strategic Autonomy: A two-dimensional index to quantify EU-27 autonomy in industrial ecosystems and strategic technologies.” Joint Research Center. Kronstadt, K. A., Akhtar, S. I., Kandel, W. A., Rosen, L. W., Rosen, L. W., & Wilson, J. H. 2021. “India-U.S. Relations.” in https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R46845. Latest update 6 April 2025. Kukreja, V. 2020. “India in the Emergent Multipolar World Order: Dynamics and Strategic Challenges.” India Quarterly, 76(1): 8–23. Kundnani, H. 2021. “European sovereignty without strategic autonomy.” in https://www.chathamhouse.org/2021/01/european-sovereignty-without-strategic-autonomy. Latest update 12 March 2025. Kundu, N. D. 2024. “International North-South Transport Corridor: Enhancing India’s Regional Connectivity.” in https://valdaiclub.com/a/highlights/international-north-south-transport-corridor/. Latest update 10 January 2025. Kupchan, C. 1994. The vulnerability of empire. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Lalwani, S. 2019. “Reluctant Link? India, the Quad, and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific.” in http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep21474.8. Latest update 1 April 2025. Lantis, J. 2005. “EU strategic culture and US ambivalence.” Oxford Journal on Good Governance 2(1): 55–60. Lippert, B., Ondarza, N. von & Perthes, V. 2019. “European Strategic Autonomy. Actors, Issues, Conflicts of Interests.” SWP Research Paper 4. Macron, E. 2017. “President Macron gives speech on new initiative for Europe.” in https://www.elysee.fr/en/emmanuel-macron/2017/09/26/president-macron-gives-speech-on-new-initiative-for-europe. Latest update 23 March 2025. Mann, B. S. 2023. “Demystifying Indo-US Natural and Strategic Partnership.” International Studies 60(3): 349–368. Mario, D. 2022. “EU strategic autonomy 2013-2023: From concept to capacity.” in https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2022)733589. Latest update 23 March 2025. Matlary, J. H. 2006. “When Soft Power Turns Hard: Is an EU Strategic Culture Possible?” Security Dialogue 37(1): 105–121. McAllister, J. 2018. No Exit: America and the German Problem, 1943–1954. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Mead, W. R. 2017. “The Jacksonian Revolt: American Populism and the Liberal Order.” Foreign Affairs 96(2): 2–7. Mearsheimer, J. J., & Walt, S. M. 2013. “Leaving theory behind: Why simplistic hypothesis testing is bad for International Relations.” European Journal of International Relations, 19(3): 427–457. Medcalf, R., & Townshend, A. 2012. “India and China: Competitive Coexistence in the Asian Century.” In South Asia in the New Decade, ed. A. Palit & Gloria Spittel. Singapore: World Scientific, 1–27. Menon, S. 2020. “League of Nationalists.” Foreign Affairs 99(5): 132–139. Meyer, C. 2005. “European Defence: Why Institutional Socialisation Is Not Enough.” Oxford Journal on Good Governance 2(1): 51–54. Meyer, C. O. 2005. “Convergence Towards a European Strategic Culture? A Constructivist Framework for Explaining Changing Norms.” European Journal of International Relations 11(4): 523–549. Meyer, C. O., Van Osch, T., & Reykers, Y. 2024. “From EU battlegroups to Rapid Deployment Capacity: Learning the right lessons?” International Affairs 100(1): 181–201. Mills, C. 2019. “The European Intervention Initiative (EII/EI2).” in https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/cbp-8432/. Latest update 20 March 2025. Ministry of Defence (Norway). 2022. “Defense ministers meeting in the European Intervention Initiative will take place in Oslo.” in https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/forsvarsministermote-i-european-interven tion-initiative-avhaldas-i-oslo/id2949021/. Latest update 2 March 2025. Ministry of Defence of India. 2018. “Strategic Partnership Model in Defence Acquisition.” in https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?rel id=177295. Latest update 18 May 2025. Ministry of External Affairs of India. 2015.” IISS Fullerton Lecture by Dr. S. Jaishankar, Foreign Secretary in Singapore.” in https://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Stateme nts.htm?dtl/25493/iiss+fullerton+lecture+by+dr+s+jaishankar+foreign+secretary+in+Singapore. Latest update 7 May 2025. Ministry of External Affairs of India. 2018. “Joint Statement on the Inaugural India-U.S 2+2 Ministerial Dialogue.” in https://www.mea.gov.in/bilateral-docum ents.htm?dtl/30358/Joint_Statement_on_the_Inaugural_IndiaUS_2432_M inisterial_Dialogue. Latest update 7 May 2025. Miró, J. 2023. “Responding to the global disorder: The EU’s quest for open strategic autonomy.” Global Society, 37(3): 315–335. Mohan, C. R. 2013. “India: Between ‘Strategic Autonomy’ and ‘Geopolitical Opportunity.” Asia Policy 15: 21–25. Monsonis, G. 2010. “India’s Strategic Autonomy and Rapprochement with the US.” Strategic Analysis 34(4): 611–624. Muraviev, A. D., Ahlawat, D., & Hughes, L. 2022. “India’s Security Dilemma: Engaging Big Powers While Retaining Strategic Autonomy.” International Politics (Hague, Netherlands) 59(6): 1119–1138. NATO. 2023. “Joint Declaration on EU-NATO Cooperation by the President of the European Council, the President of the European Commission, and the Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.” in https://ww w.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/official_texts_210549.htm. Latest update 14 April 2025. Nordin, A. H., & Weissmann, M. 2018. “Will Trump make China great again? The belt and road initiative and international order.” International Affairs, 94(2): 231–249. Nugent, N. 2001. The European Commission. London: Palgrave Macmillan. Olsen, G. R. 2021. “Donald Trump and ‘America first’: The road ahead is open.” International Politics 58(1): 71–89. Palacio, A. 2018. “Saving NATO From Trump.” in https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/nato-summit-trump-article-5-by-ana-palacio-2018-07. Latest update 6 March 2025. Pant, H. V. 2016. “Is India Developing a Strategy for Power?” The Washington Quarterly, 38(4): 99–113. Pant, H. V., & Super, J. M. 2015. “India’s ‘non-alignment’ conundrum: A twentieth-century policy in a changing world.” International Affairs (Royal Institute of International Affairs 1944-), 91(4): 747–764. Parachini, J. V., & Mishra, V. 2025. “Boosting U.S.-India Private Sector Defense Industrial Cooperation.” in https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2025/01/boosti ng-us-india-private-sector-defense-industrial.html. Latest update 11 March 2025. Patel, P., Patil, S., & Vishwanathan, A. 2023. “India’s Quest for Defence Indigenisation: A Case Study of the Indian Navy.” Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 10(3): 364–394. Peterson, J. 2017. “Juncker’s political European Commission and an EU in crisis.” JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 55(2): 349–367. Przeworski, A., & Teune, H. 1970. The Logic of Comparative Social Inquiry. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons. Raghavan, P. S. 2017. “The Making of India’s Foreign Policy: From Non-Alignment to Multi-Alignment.” Indian Foreign Affairs Journal 12(4): 326–341. Rahman, Z. U., Khan ,Asghar, Lifang ,Wang, & and Hussain, I. 2021. “The geopolitics of the CPEC and Indian Ocean: Security implication for India.” Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs, 13(2): 122–145. Reuters. 2024. “Fact Check: US contributes 16% of NATO annual budget, not two-thirds” in https://www.reuters.com/fact-check/us-contributes-16-nato-annual-budget-not-two-thirds-2024-05-31/. Latest update 20 March 2025. Ricketts, P. 2017. “The EU and Defence: The Legacy of Saint-Malo.” The RUSI Journal, 162(3): 30–38. Ripsman, N. M., Taliaferro, J. W., & Lobell, S. E. 2016. Neoclassical Realist Theory of International Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Rose, G. 1998. “Neoclassical Realism and Theories of Foreign Policy.” World Politics 51(1): 144–172. Roy, A. 2022. “The Predictability of India’s UN Abstentions on the Ukrainian Crisis.” in https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/the-predictability-of-indias-un-abstentions-on-the-ukrainian-crisis/. Latest update 20 January 2025. Rynning, S. 2003. “The European Union: Towards a Strategic Culture?” Security Dialogue 34(4): 479–496. Rynning, S. 2005. “Less May Be Better: The EU and Defense Policy.” Oxford Journal on Good Governance 2(1): 45–50. Sasi, A. 2025. “Why the India-US 123 Agreement of 2007 could finally achieve its full potential.” in https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/explained-economics/ why-the-india-us-123-agreement-of-2007-could-finally-achieve-its-full-potential-9835932/. Latest update 25 May 2025. Saulnier, J., Anghel, S., Lazarou, E., & Wilson, A. 2020. “On the path to ‘strategic autonomy’: The EU in an evolving geopolitical environment.” in https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_STU(2020)652096. Latest update 16 March 2025. Schmitz, L., & Seidl, T. 2023. “As Open as Possible, as Autonomous as Necessary: Understanding the Rise of Open Strategic Autonomy in EU Trade Policy.” Journal of Common Market Studies 61(3): 834–852. Schweller, R. 2004. “Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing.” International Security 29: 159–201. Scott, D. 2013. “India’s Role in the South China Sea: Geopolitics and Geoeconomics in Play.” India Review 12(2): 51–69. Seawright, J., & Gerring, J. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options.” Political Research Quarterly 61(2): 294–308. Sethuraman, N. R., & Singh, S. C. 2025. “INDIA BUDGET India proposes to open up guarded nuclear sector to private firms.” in https://www. reuters.com/world/india/india-budget-india-proposes-open-up-guarded-nuclear-sector-private-firms-2025-02-01/. Latest update 3 May 2025. Shearer, A. 2000. Britain, France and the Saint‐Malo Declaration: Tactical Rapprochement or Strategic Entente? Cambridge Review of International Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1080/09557570008400316 Singh, G. 2023. “India’s Military Modernisation in the Shadow of the China Threat.” Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 10(3): 277–300. Singh, H. 2009. India’s Strategic Culture: The Impact of Geography. New Delhi: Knowledge World Publisher PVT Ltd. Singh, Jaswant. 1999. Defending India. New York: St. Martin’s Press, Inc. Singh, S. 2021. “The Challenge of a Two-Front War: India?s China-Pakistan Dilemma.” Stimson Center. SIPRI. 2025. “SIPRI Military Expenditure Database.” in https://www.sipri.org/da tabases/mile. Latest update 10 June 2025. Sitaraman, S. 2020. “Are India and China Destined for War? Three Future Scenarios.” in http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep26667.24. Latest update 8 May 2025. Smith, J. M. 2018. “Seven Myths Are Keeping India and the United States from Pursuing Closer Ties.” in https://www.heritage.org/asia/commentary/seven-myths-are-keeping-india-and-the-united-states-pursuing-closer-ties. Latest update 5 May 2025. Snyder, G. H. 1984. “The Security Dilemma in Alliance Politics.” World Politics 36(4): 461–495. Snyder, J. L. 1977. “The Soviet Strategic Culture: Implications for Limited Nuclear Operations.” in https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R2154.html. Latest update 9 April 2025. Stein, M. 2023. “India Takes a Step Away from the Russian Defense Industry.” Journal of Indo-Pacific Affairs 6(5): 138-145. Streeck, W., & Thelen, K. 2005. “Introduction: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies.” In Beyond Continuity: Institutional Change in Advanced Political Economies, ed. W. Streeck & K. Thelen. Oxford University Press, 1–39. Sui, X. 2014. “India’s Strategic Culture and Model of International Behavior.” China International Studies 45:139–162. Sweeney, S., & and Winn, N. 2020. “EU security and defence cooperation in times of dissent: Analysing PESCO, the European Defence Fund and the European Intervention Initiative (EI2) in the shadow of Brexit.” Defence Studies 20(3): 224–249. Taliaferro, J. W. 2006. “State Building for Future Wars: Neoclassical Realism and the Resource-Extractive State.” Security Studies, 15(3): 464–495. Tanham, G. K. 1992. “Indian Strategic Thought: An Interpretive Essay.” in https://www.rand.org/pubs/reports/R4207.html. Latest update 10 May 2025. Tasleem, S. 2022.” Internal Drivers – The Nexus between Domestic Politics and Bilateral Relations: Exploring India-Pakistan, Pakistan-China, and China-India Dynamics.” Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament 5(2): 315–335. Tellis, A. J. 2017. “Are India-Pakistan Peace Talks Worth a Damn?” in https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2017/09/are-india-pakistan-peace-talks-worth-a-damn?lang=en. Latest update 4 May 2025. Tellis, A. J. 2023. “Completing the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Agreement: Fulfilling the Promises of a Summer Long Past.” in https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2 023/11/completing-the-us-india-civil-nuclear-agreement-fulfilling-the-promises-of-a-summer-long-past?lang=en. Latest update 13 May 2025. The European External Action Service. 2024. “A Strategic Compass for Security and Defence.” in https://www.eeas.europa.eu/eeas/strategic-compass-security-and-defence-1_en. Latest update 13 March 2025. The Hindu. 2020. “India will never be a part of an alliance system, says External Affairs Minister Jaishankar.” in https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-has-never-been-part-of-an-alliance-and-will-never-be-jaishankar/article32142128.ece. Latest update 17 May 2025. The White House. 2017. “The 2017 National Security Strategy of the United States of America.” in https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/ NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf. Latest update 6 May 2025. The White House. 2020. “Joint Statement: Vision and Principles for the United States-India Comprehensive Global Strategic Partnership.” in https://trum pwhitehouse.archives.gov/briefings-statements/joint-statement-vision-principles-united-states-india-comprehensive-global-strategic-partnership/. Latest update 10 May 2025. Thu, H. L. 2019. “Quad 2.0: New perspectives for the revived concept: Views from The Strategist.” in https://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep23015. Latest update 27 April 2025. Tian, N., Fleurant, A., Kuimova, A., Wezeman, P. D., & Wezeman, S. T. 2018. “Trends in World Military Expenditure, 2017.” in https://www.sipri.org/p ublications/2018/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-world-military-expenditure-2017. Latest update 27 May 2025. Tocci, N. (with Istituto Affari Internazionali). 2021. “European Strategic Autonomy: What It Is, Why We Need It, How to Achieve It.” in https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/9788893681780.pdf. Latest update 18 March 2025. Tourangbam, M. 2021. “India and the New Geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific.” Indian Foreign Affairs Journal 16(1): 54–66. Tourangbam, M., & Vijayakumar, A. 2021. “Finding Strategic Autonomy in the Quad: India’s Trial by Fire.” in https://www.proquest.com/docview/2502171706/a bstract/93D1B29467DF4C12PQ/1. Latest update 1 May 2025. Tzinieris, S., Chauhan, Rishika, & and Athanasiadou, E. 2023. “India’s A La Carte Minilateralism: AUKUS and the Quad.” The Washington Quarterly 46(4): 21–39. U.S. Department of Defense. 2019. Indo-Pacific Strategy Report: Preparedness, Partnerships, and Promoting a Networked Region in https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/tr/ pdf/AD1082324.pdf. Latest update 1 May 2025. U.S. Department of State. 1998. “12/8/98 Albright Statement to the North Atlantic Council.” in https://1997-2001.state.gov/statements/1998/981208.html. Latest update 22 March 2025. U.S. Department of State. 2025. “U.S. Security Cooperation with India.” https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-india/. Latest update 18 May 2025. United States Department of State. 2021. “U.S. Security Cooperation with India.” in https://www.state.gov/u-s-security-cooperation-with-india/. Latest update 18 May 2025. Van Evera, S. 1997. Guide to Methods for Students of Political Science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Vaughn, B. 2004. “Indian Geopolitics, the United States and Evolving Correlates of Power in Asia.” Geopolitics 9(2): 440–459. Verma, R. 2024. “India–China rivalry, China–Pakistan quasi-alliance, terrorism, and asymmetric balancing.” India Review 23(4): 370–395. Vibhav M., & and Nooruddin, I. 2023. “Trump, Modi, and the illiberal consensus.” India Review 22(2): 118–127. Vinodan, C., & Kurian, A. L. 2024. “Strategic Autonomy and India’s Hedging Policies in the Indo-Pacific.” Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 11(4): 475–495. von der Leyen, U. 2019a. “Political Guidelines for the Next European Commission 2019–2024.” in https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/62e534f4-62c1-11ea-b735-01aa75ed71a1. Latest update 2 April 2025. von der Leyen, U. 2019b. “‘Mission Letter’ to High Representative for Foreign Policy and Security Policy, Josep Borrell.” in https://commissioners.ec.eu ropa.eu/system/files/2022-11/mission-letter-josep-borrell-2019_en.pdf. Latest update 10 March 2025. von der Leyen, U. 2020. “State of the Union 2020.” in https://state-of-the-union.ec.europa.eu/state-union-2020_en. Latest update 10 March 2025. Waltz, K. N. 1979. Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw-Hill. Waltz, K. N. 1986. Reflections on Theory of International Politics: A Response to My Critics. In Neorealism and Its Critics, R. O. Keohane ed. New York: Columbia University Press: 322–345. Wendt, A. 1999. Social Theory of International Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press. Wezeman, P. D., Kuimova, A., & Wezeman, S. T. 2022. “Trends in International Arms Transfers, 2021.” in https://www.sipri.org/publications/2022/sipri-fact-sheets/trends-international-arms-transfers-2021. Latest update 14 June 2025. Wilkins, T. S. 2011. “Japan’s alliance diversification: A comparative analysis of the Indian and Australian strategic partnerships.” International Relations of the Asia-Pacific 11(1): 115–155. Williams, N. 2018. “NATO-EU Cooperation: Don’t Forget Berlin Plus!” in https://europeanleadershipnetwork.org/commentary/nato-eu-cooperation-dont-forget-berlin-plus/. Latest update 3 March 2025. Wohlforth, W. C. 2016. Realism and foreign policy. In Foreign Policy: Theories, Actors, Cases, ed. S. Smith, A. Hadfield, & T. Dunne. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 35-53. Wolfstädter, L., & Kreilinger, V. 2017. “European Integration via flexibility tools: The cases of EPPO and PESCO.” Policy Paper, 209. World Bank. 2024. “World Bank Open Data.” in https://data.worldbank.org. Latest update 2 May 2025. Zaman, R. U. 2006. “Kautilya: The Indian Strategic Thinker and Indian Strategic Culture.” Comparative Strategy 25(3): 231–247. Zandee, D. H. 2021. “European defence fund: The real test is yet to come.” in https://www.clingendael.org/publication/european-defence-fund-real-test-yet-come. Latest update 24 July 2025. Zandee, D., Deen, B., Kruijver, K., & Stoetman, A. 2020. “European Strategic Autonomy in Security and Defence.” in https://www.clingendael.org/publication/european-strategic-autonomy-security-and-defence. Latest update 23 June 2025. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/98654 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本論文比較分析歐盟與印度在川普第一任期（2017–2021年）於防務領域的戰略自主表現，並以新古典現實主義作為理論框架，探討國際環境如何透過「領導人意象」與「戰略文化」兩個中介變項影響戰略選擇。川普政府高舉「美國優先」大旗，動搖自由主義國際秩序，對歐盟與印度產生不同外部刺激，促使兩者重新審視安全戰略與對外依賴。
歐盟在美國削弱對北約承諾及貿易摩擦壓力下，逐漸認知到對美依賴之風險，並透過歐洲防務基金（EDF）、永久結構性合作（PESCO）等機制強化防務自主。然而，由於歐盟內部各成員國在安全觀念、軍事能力和政策偏好上存在分歧，加上歐盟長期依賴北約（尤其美國）提供安全保障，因此歐盟在防務自主方面的表現相對薄弱。相較之下，印度近年奉行「多邊聯合」（multi-alignment）戰略，強調決策的靈活性與自主性。面對中國崛起與邊境衝突的挑戰，以及美國「印太戰略」所帶來的合作契機，印度不僅積極推動本土國防工業發展（如「印度製造」政策），還持續多元化其軍備來源，展現出更高層次的防務戰略自主能力。 研究發現，兩者皆警覺外部依賴風險，並透過多邊合作維護安全空間，但防務自主表現因戰略文化與領導人意象差異而有所不同。歐盟偏向制度性、補充性，追求防務與外交平衡；印度則是在大國間遊走，並拒絕正式軍事同盟關係，展現更高行動與決策自主性。本文指出，國際體系變動雖是決定戰略自主意願的重要因素，實際表現仍深受國內中介變項影響。比較結果驗證新古典現實主義在解釋戰略自主差異的適用性，而未來歐盟與印度如何持續強化防務自主、平衡外部合作與內部整合，值得持續關注。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | This thesis compares the defense strategic autonomy of the European Union and India during President Trump’s first term (2017–2021), using neoclassical realism as its theoretical framework. It examines how the international environment influences strategic choices through two key intervening variables: leader images and strategic culture.
Trump’s "America First" policy weakened the liberal international order, pushing both the EU and India to reassess their security strategies and external dependencies. The EU, facing reduced U.S. commitments to NATO and trade frictions, recognized the risks of over-reliance on the U.S. and sought greater defense autonomy through mechanisms like the European Defence Fund (EDF) and Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). However, internal divisions and continued NATO dependence limited its progress, resulting in relatively low actual autonomy. In contrast, India, emphasizing non-alignment and policy flexibility, leveraged border tensions with China and opportunities from the U.S. Indo-Pacific strategy to strengthen its domestic defense industry and diversify arms sources, demonstrating higher strategic autonomy. The findings show that while both actors are aware of external dependence risks and pursue multilateral cooperation, differences in strategic culture and leader images shape their distinct approaches. The EU emphasizes institutional and complementary strategies, while India maneuvers among major powers and rejects formal alliances, showing greater operational autonomy. Overall, this study verifies the explanatory power of neoclassical realism for variations in strategic autonomy and suggests that future efforts to enhance defense autonomy must balance external cooperation with internal integration. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-08-18T01:14:03Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-08-18T01:14:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 謝辭i
摘要iii Abstractvi 目次v 圖次vii 表次viii 第壹章緒論1 第一節研究動機與目的1 第二節研究範圍4 第三節研究方法7 第四節章節安排12 第貳章文獻回顧與研究設計14 第一節新古典現實主義理論15 第二節戰略自主概念25 第三節研究設計42 第參章2017-2021年歐盟戰略自主案例分析53 第一節國際體系變動53 第二節歐盟領導人意象57 第三節歐盟戰略文化70 第四節小結86 第肆章2017-2021年印度戰略自主案例分析88 第一節國際體系變動88 第二節印度領導人意象92 第三節印度戰略文化101 第四節小結117 第伍章案例比較分析119 第一節案例相似之處120 第二節案例相異之處121 第三節防務戰略自主具體案例125 第四節戰略自主產生差異之原因127 第五節小結129 第陸章結論131 第一節研究發現與理論驗證131 第二節研究限制與未來展望136 參考文獻138 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 戰略自主 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 防務戰略自主 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 新古典現實主義 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 歐盟 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 印度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 領導人意象 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 戰略文化 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | neoclassical realism | en |
| dc.subject | strategic culture | en |
| dc.subject | leader images | en |
| dc.subject | India | en |
| dc.subject | European Union | en |
| dc.subject | strategic autonomy | en |
| dc.subject | defense strategic autonomy | en |
| dc.title | 歐盟與印度之戰略自主比較分析（2017-2021）： 新古典現實主義的視角 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | A Comparative Study of the Strategic Autonomy of the European Union and India (2017-2021): An Analysis of Neoclassical Realism | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-2 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 方天賜;蘇卓馨 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Tien-sze Fang;Cho-hsin Su | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 戰略自主,防務戰略自主,新古典現實主義,歐盟,印度,領導人意象,戰略文化, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | strategic autonomy,defense strategic autonomy,neoclassical realism,European Union,India,leader images,strategic culture, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 165 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202503660 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-08-11 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 社會科學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 政治學系 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2025-08-18 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 政治學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-113-2.pdf 授權僅限NTU校內IP使用（校園外請利用VPN校外連線服務） | 2.77 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。